James Cummings, "The Everyday Lives of Gay Men in Hainan: Sociality, Space and Time" (Palgrave MacMillan, 2023)
Dec 23, 2023
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James Cummings, author of The Everyday Lives of Gay Men in Hainan: Sociality, Space and Time, discusses the experiences of gay men in Hainan, China. Topics include the concept of the 'scene', self-representation in online spaces, and expectations for marriage and reproduction among gay men in Hainan.
The concept of the scene plays a central role in the lives of gay men in Hainan, providing spaces for social interactions and exploring the ambiguity and multiple meanings of these spaces.
Using the lens of the everyday, this podcast emphasizes the complex and multi-dimensional aspects of queer lives, highlighting the construction of identities and personal trajectories amidst societal expectations and uncertainties.
Deep dives
Importance of scene and spatiality in the lives of gay men in Hainan
The podcast explores how the concept of the scene is central to the experiences and social interactions of gay men in Hainan. The scene is a space where gay men gather and engage in various activities, and it can encompass gay bars, cruising areas, and even non-queer coded spaces that become important within smaller networks. The ambiguity of the scene is emphasized, as it can have multiple meanings and interpretations for different individuals. The use of spatial technologies, such as geo-located dating and hookup apps, like Blued, is also explored, as they disrupt the assumption of heteronormative spaces and reveal the presence of other gay men nearby, creating a sense of queer spatiality.
The everyday as a primary scale of analysis
The podcast highlights how the everyday is employed as a scale of analysis to understand the lives of gay men in Hainan. It is a lens through which individuals make sense of their day-to-day experiences, spaces, and social relationships. The everyday can encompass various scales, from global to hyperlocal, and it allows for an exploration of the complex and multi-dimensional aspects of queer lives. The focus on the everyday also acknowledges the uncertainty and ambiguity that characterize these experiences, challenging assumptions and providing a nuanced perspective on the construction of identities and personal trajectories.
Expectations of marriage, reproduction, and uncertainty
The podcast delves into the expectations placed upon gay men in Hainan regarding marriage and reproduction. Many individuals feel a societal and familial pressure to conform to the norms of heterosexual marriage and parenthood. These expectations shape how they navigate their present experiences, including their involvement in the scene and their understanding of their sexual identity. However, there is also a recognition of uncertainty and ambiguity in relation to future trajectories. Some individuals are uncertain about their own desires and choices, while others firmly reject the idea of marrying heterosexually and having children. The complex interplay between societal expectations, personal identities, and uncertainty is a prominent theme.
Examining the importance of photos and self-representation
The podcast explores the significance of photos and self-representation in the online profiles of gay men in Hainan. While many individuals choose not to use their own photos due to fear of exposure and societal pressures, the presence or absence of a self-representative photo becomes a point of reflection and judgment within the gay community. Using one's own photo is seen as an act of self-acceptance and realness, implying a stronger embrace of a gay identity. The discussion highlights the complexities and concerns surrounding self-representation in the context of a society where homosexuality is often still stigmatized.
The Everyday Lives of Gay Men in Hainan: Sociality, Space and Time (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022) by Dr. James Cummings explores the everyday lives of gay men in Hainan, an island province of the People’s Republic of China. Taking an ethnographic and phenomenological approach, it asks how these men construct and experience ways of ‘sexual being’ – as gay, homosexual, tongzhi and/or in the scene – and what these mean for the ways of living they see as possible within a socio-cultural, political and material context characterised by pervasive heteronormativity. It explores what it means for gay men in Hainan to ‘come into the scene’, how internet and mobile technologies figure in their everyday processes of sexual categorisation and how these men negotiate orientations and disorientations towards the future in relation to dominant heterosexual life scripts of marriage and reproduction.
This book offers vital insights into the production and restriction of non-heterosexual lives in diverse settings, while addressing universal questions of how certain ways of living are enabled and curtailed in living together with others through powerful conditions of uncertainty and precarity.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose forthcoming book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.