In this discussion with Nobel laureates Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist acclaimed for his insights into decision-making, and Angus Deaton, an economist focused on welfare, they explore the complex relationship between money and happiness. They dissect a landmark study linking emotional well-being to income up to $75,000, then present contrasting views on newer research suggesting money may correlate with happiness without limit. Their debate highlights the evolving understanding of financial security and personal fulfillment.
The traditional belief in a happiness plateau at $75,000 has been challenged by new findings indicating that increased income correlates with greater happiness without a defined limit.
The collaborative study by Killingsworth and Kahneman highlighted the importance of diverse measurement methods in understanding the complex relationship between income and emotional well-being.
Deep dives
The $75,000 Happiness Plateau Revisited
The idea that money can buy happiness up to a point, specifically around $75,000 a year, has been widely accepted since a 2010 study suggested a happiness plateau at this income level. This notion was explored by Bernadette Cruz-Mullian, who supported the finding based on her personal experience and corporate job income. However, she later discovered that the more money she made beyond that point, the less happy she felt, leading her to change her career path in pursuit of fulfillment instead of wealth. This shift ultimately granted her financial success alongside genuine happiness, prompting a reevaluation of the original plateau idea.
Conflicting Evidence on Money and Happiness
Researchers Matt Killingsworth and Daniel Kahneman have opposing views regarding the relationship between income and happiness, prompting Killingsworth to utilize an innovative experience sampling method to measure people's happiness in real-time. His findings indicated a continued correlation between higher income and increased happiness, contradicting the famous happiness plateau. This led to questions about the validity of Kahneman's study, which analyzed data based on broad life satisfaction and emotional well-being from a large sample. Killingsworth's research showed a consistent rise in happiness without a plateau, reigniting the conversation around the nuances of measuring happiness.
Collaborative Insights and New Understandings
The collaboration between Killingsworth and Kahneman aimed to reconcile their differing results through a joint study, which revealed pertinent insights about the measurements of happiness in their respective research. Kahneman's original data could not accurately distinguish between happiness levels due to the yes/no format of his questions, while Killingsworth's nuanced approach captured a wider emotional spectrum. Together, they discovered that for the bottom 15-20% of earners — the unhappiest segment — there exists a plateau, but for the top 15-20% of earners, happiness increases with income. This collaboration not only clarified the complexities of the income-happiness relationship but also emphasized the necessity of looking at happiness through various lenses.
People often say that money can't buy you happiness. Sometimes, if you ask them to tell you more about it, they'll mention a famous 2010 study by Nobel Prize winners Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton. That study found that higher household income correlates with greater emotional well-being, but only up to around $75,000 a year. After that, more money didn't seem to matter.
This was a famous study by two famous academics. The result stood for over a decade. And it feels good, right? Maybe the rich aren't so much happier than anyone else. But researchers have recently done a complete 180 on this idea. In 2021, psychologist Matt Killingsworth found nearly the opposite: That more money does correlate with more happiness. And that the relationship continues well beyond $75,000 per year.
Today on the show: Does more money mean fewer problems? Two researchers with totally different takes come together to hammer out a better understanding of the relationship between money and happiness.
This episode was hosted by Sally Helm and Nick Fountain. It was produced by Sean Saldana, Sam Yellowhorse Kesler, and Emma Peaslee. It was edited by Meg Cramer and fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Engineering by Cena Loffredo. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.