Jimmy Akin, Catholic theologian, discusses the Last Supper and Passover. Resolutions to the challenge include disputes over the calendar and Jesus celebrating a day earlier due to knowing his impending death.
Disputes about the calendar in first-century Judaism could explain the discrepancy between the synoptic gospels and John regarding the timing of the last supper as a Passover meal.
It is proposed that Jesus celebrated the Passover a day early because he knew he was going to die, and made other changes to the meal, such as instituting the Eucharist.
Deep dives
Different calendars and early celebration
There were disputes about the calendar in first-century Judaism, which could explain the discrepancy between the synoptic gospels and John regarding the timing of the last supper as a Passover meal. It is proposed that Jesus used a different calendar than the temple authorities, eating the Passover meal a day earlier than mentioned in John. It's also suggested that Jesus celebrated the Passover a day early because he knew he was going to die, and made other changes to the meal, such as instituting the Eucharist.
Misunderstood indications in John
There are indications in the Gospel of John that the last supper was indeed a Passover meal. These indications include the location of the meal in Jerusalem, the requirement to spend the Passover night within the city limits, and the disciples' ceremonial washing before the meal. The passages in John that seem to suggest the crucifixion occurred before Passover have been misinterpreted. The statements in John 18:28 and 19:14 can be understood to mean that the Jewish authorities had not yet eaten the Passover meal and that Jesus was crucified on the Friday of Passover week.
DAY 317
CHALLENGE
“The synoptic Gospels say the Last Supper was a Passover meal, but John indicates it wasn’t (John 18:28, 19:14).”
DEFENSE
There are multiple resolutions to this challenge.
First, there were disputes about the calendar in first-century Judaism. Some have proposed Jesus used a different calendar than the temple authorities, so he ate the Passover meal a day earlier than the Jewish authorities mentioned in John 18:28.
Second, it’s been proposed Jesus simply celebrated the Passover a day early because he knew he was going to die. He made other changes to the meal as well…
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