The real threat of AI - ethics, exploitation and the erosion of truth

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May 30, 2025

Join science writer Alex Wilkins as he dives into the rapidly expanding world of artificial intelligence and its ethical implications. He discusses the pressing concern of AI's impact on education, where students increasingly rely on chatbots for homework. The conversation also touches on the daunting prospects of artificial general intelligence and superintelligence, raising questions about human exploitation in AI development. Wilkins emphasizes the urgent need for ethical regulations amidst skyrocketing energy demands and the potential erosion of truth.

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ANECDOTE

AI's Impact on Education

Students and teachers are uncertain how to handle AI's role in education, with students using it widely.
A World Bank study showed AI assistance can massively improve English scores in Nigerian students.

ANECDOTE

AI Speech Writing and Authenticity

People use AI to write deeply personal speeches, raising questions about authenticity.
Writing for oneself is critical for self-understanding and developing critical thinking skills.

INSIGHT

LLMs Lack Truth Understanding

Large language models (LLMs) generate text based on probability rather than understanding truth or falsehood.
Their "hallucinations" are inherent because they have no real concept of truth, only plausible text generation.

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Episode 305

As artificial intelligence grows into more and more aspects of our lives, it seems we’re just at the beginning of the boom. Hundreds of billions of dollars are being pumped into advancing AI capabilities, making it the best funded area in science. But, just like the dot-com revolution, is it a bubble waiting to burst?

In this special episode of the podcast, we explore the growing promise of AI - and also the existential threat it poses.

Despite the amount of money going into AI, chatbots are still making glaring mistakes, plagued with hallucinations. All the while students are relying on them to do their homework for them, and others are using them to replace very human tasks, like writing wedding speeches. So we hear from two authors who have been thinking hard about AI and machine learning - and what that means for the future.

We also get into the idea of AGI, artificial general intelligence - and its cousin, artificial superintelligence, which may already exist in certain areas. With many researchers concerned about AI overthrowing humanity, is it even worth worrying about? We dig into whether AGI is even possible and who would want to develop it.

This discussion has to include some mention of the human and environmental costs of these technologies, too. Energy demands are expected to skyrocket over the next few years - can the planet keep up with the demand? And alongside that, there’s a lot of human exploitation going on to help fuel these machines - a little-known fact that has to be tackled.

Finally, is superintelligent AI a threat to the existence of humankind - will they want to wipe us out when they get smart enough? Or is the threat more insidious, one where we watch the slow erosion of truth and democracy?

Chapters:

(02:49) How chatbots and LLMs came to dominate

(15:50) Superintelligent AI

(18:18) What does $500 billion buy?

(19:30) The high energy demand of AI

(20:56) The murky ethics of the AI race

(25:15) How AI is being thrust upon us

(26:48) The existential threat of AI

(29:57) Is AI a bubble waiting to burst?

Hosted by Rowan Hooper and Sophie Bushwick, with guests Alex Wilkins, Adam Becker and Emily Bender.
To read more about these stories, visit https://www.newscientist.com/

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