Topics discussed in this podcast include the evolution of positioning systems, the role of Wi-Fi positioning and 5G, visual positioning systems, the potential of low Earth orbit satellites, predictions for the future of navigation and positioning technologies, and the importance of combining different positioning technologies for seamless navigation.
GNSS provides accurate positioning across wide areas, while visual positioning provides contextual information in local environments.
Terrestrial-based positioning involves the use of Wi-Fi positioning and the potential of 5G in enhancing positioning.
The future of positioning lies in the seamless combination of GNSS, visual positioning, Wi-Fi positioning, 5G, and other radio-based networks.
Deep dives
Positioning technologies and their applications
Positioning technologies like GNSS and visual positioning are complementary and have their strengths and weaknesses. GNSS provides accurate and precise positioning information across wide areas, making it ideal for navigation in open spaces. On the other hand, visual positioning relies on reference maps and databases to provide contextual information in local environments. Wi-Fi positioning and 5G positioning also play a role in terrestrial-based positioning, although they have limitations in terms of precision and accessibility. Overall, a seamless combination of these positioning technologies is the future of ubiquitous positioning.
The workings of GNSS
GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System and is a state-owned constellation of satellites, including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. GNSS uses signals from these satellites to measure the distance between the receiver and the satellites, enabling 3D positioning and timing. The accuracy and availability of GNSS positioning depend on factors such as satellite synchronization, satellite location precision, and the effects of the Earth's atmosphere. While GNSS operates on different frequencies, they generally work in a similar manner.
Challenges and limitations of GNSS
GNSS positioning faces challenges in terms of weak signals, atmospheric errors, and multipath interference. The weak signals require specialized signal processing techniques to extract the relevant information. Atmospheric errors, caused by the Earth's atmosphere, introduce delays and other propagation effects that need to be accounted for. Multipath interference occurs when the signals bounce off obstructions, leading to erroneous measurements. However, these challenges can be mitigated through improved signal processing, precise orbit determination, and antenna design.
Potential of positioning in low Earth orbit (LEO)
Positioning technologies in LEO, such as Leo satellites, offer advantages in terms of signal strength and separation of error sources. Leo satellites provide stronger signals that can penetrate obstacles like buildings and foliage better than signals from higher orbits. The faster movement of Leo satellites facilitates more frequent observations, enabling better separation of atmospheric and orbital errors. Additionally, Leo satellites can have positioning capabilities that rely on GNSS, making them self-positioning. However, moving to Leo orbit poses challenges in terms of increased complexity, potential orbital disturbances, and obtaining spectrum approvals.
The future of positioning technologies
The future of positioning technologies lies in the seamless integration and combination of different positioning systems. This includes leveraging the strengths of GNSS, visual positioning, Wi-Fi positioning, 5G, and other radio-based networks to provide accurate and context-aware positioning in various environments. The focus will be on improving accessibility, precision, and real-time response to enable ubiquitous and precise positioning for both humans and machines.
On the personal front, I have just moved back to New Zealand after 13 years in Denmark. It has been pretty busy the last couple of weeks, hence the lack of published podcast episodes.