Symptoms tend to be worse in the morning. Approximately a quarter of cases present without pain. And erythema is not generally a sign. Jay Mehta, MD, MS, attending physician, Division of Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, reviews juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. He discusses: questions for a useful history; what to look for on physical exam; why labs aren’t super-helpful in diagnosis; symptoms that may indicate an oncologic cause; JIA classification criteria (a review of subtypes); potential genetic and environmental etiologies, including association with the microbiome; treatment paths, including steroid injections, low-dose methotrexate, TNF inhibitors, and tailored biologics, and why NSAIDs are no longer advised; complications of untreated arthritis, including uveitis and blindness; and more. Published October 2021. This podcast is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not to be considered as medical advice for any particular patient. Clinicians must rely on their own informed clinical judgment in making recommendations to their patients. ©2021 by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, all rights reserved.