Complexities of Semiconductor Manufacturing and India's Progress Towards the Goal

Manufacturing advanced semiconductor chips requires intricate processes like photolithography and etching. Companies like TSMC have taken decades to transition to producing chips as small as 3 nanometers. India's journey towards semiconductor manufacturing involves starting with larger design features, like 28 to 180 nanometers, before progressing to smaller sizes. The establishment of semiconductor plants in Gujarat and Assam mark significant steps in India's semiconductor manufacturing roadmap, with a joint venture between Tata electronics and PSMC aiming to produce 28 nanometer chips as a starting point for the country's semiconductor industry growth.