Lack of Fires Advantage: Ukraine needs a decisive fires advantage to attrition Russian forces and enable maneuver. The fires advantage should include quantity of artillery, drones, and long-range precision strike capabilities.

The Russian fires advantage in the war in Ukraine has become significant with an estimated 5 to 1 ratio on the front line. Ukraine's ability to acquire artillery ammunition has been strained, while Russia has recovered artillery production and has obtained ammunition from places like North Korea. Increasing Ukraine's fires advantage is crucial for attritioning Russian forces and enabling successful offensive operations.