Professor of Anthropology Terrence Deacon discusses the impact of symbols on culture and biology. Topics include the evolution of language, the transformative power of symbols, and the co-evolution of language and human biology. They explore the interplay of AI, globalization, and human bias, and David Sloan Wilson's work in building functional social groups.
Our evolution with symbols impacts our biology, shaping cognitive abilities.
Ideologies can simplify interpretations, fix identities, and pose existential threats.
Deep dives
Human Evolution and the Impact of Symbolic Communication
Humanity's evolution with symbolic communication over millions of years has fundamentally altered our biology, shaping our nervous system and cognitive abilities. The interaction between language, symbols, and our collective mind highlights our dependence on social groups and shared interpretations for thinking and connecting with the world.
Challenges of Ideology and Symbolic Addiction
The discussion delves into how ideologies can simplify and disconnect our interpretive abilities, leading to fixed belief systems that can demonize others. The addictive nature of ideologies parallels dependency on symbols for identity, causing existential threats when alternative beliefs are presented.
Symbols, Language Evolution, and Meaning
Symbols and language evolve within human societies, with symbolic structures offloading memory and driving communication. The ossification of meanings and stories, stored in language over millennia, may hinder adaptation to a rapidly changing world and lead to an existential crisis of meaning and identity.
AI and Symbolism in a Rapidly Changing World
The interplay between AI and human communication poses challenges in managing vast amounts of data and bias. While AI offers transformative educational and translational benefits, reliance on simplified interpretations risks dependency on black-and-white meanings and biases embedded in data.
We belong to our symbols as much as they belong to us. Like the planetary environment, our relationship with language and symbols has impacted our culture, even our biology, argues Professor of Anthropology, Terrence Deacon. Our capacity for interpretation allows us to understand one another and work as a collective mind, explaining the incredible leaps our species has made—and also the trouble we’re in.
Terrence joins me to explain our relationship to symbols and how they evolve with the world. We then discuss what happens when our symbols get stuck, or disconnected, simplifying into ideological constructs which fix our identities.
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