171: Christmas Special VIII: Festivities in the Jazz Age
Dec 2, 2024
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Explore the vibrant Christmas celebrations of the 1920s, from the lavish Hotel Commodore to impactful charity efforts like Herbert Hoover's Invisible Guest dinners. Discover how Calvin Coolidge inaugurated the National Christmas Tree lighting, marking a shift from candlelight to electric cheer. Relive the festive music of the Mount Holyoke Carol Choir and Knoxville's first Santa Claus parade, capturing the spirit of generosity during a time of great change. As America enjoyed prosperity, it also began to navigate a more economical festive season after the Crash.
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Quick takeaways
Herbert Hoover's 1920 fundraising dinner highlighted the significant impact of philanthropy in America, raising nearly $3 million for starving European children.
Calvin Coolidge's introduction of the National Christmas Tree lighting in 1923 marked a pivotal shift towards communal Christmas celebrations in America.
Deep dives
Herbert Hoover's Invisible Guest Dinner
In December 1920, a fundraising dinner aimed at helping starving children in Europe was hosted by Herbert Hoover, featuring an empty chair symbolizing the invisible guests—these needy kids. Nearly a thousand wealthy individuals attended the dinner at the Hotel Commodore, each contributing a considerable $1,000 to partake in a modest meal, echoing the frugal fare provided to the children abroad. Hoover passionately highlighted the food and prosperity disparity between America and Europe, prompting an unexpected surge of generosity from the attendees. Ultimately, the dinner and subsequent donations generated nearly $3 million for the European Relief Council, showcasing the impact of philanthropy in America during this time.
Calvin Coolidge Ignites a New Tradition
Calvin Coolidge's first Christmas as president in 1923 marked the inception of an iconic national tradition with the lighting of the National Christmas Tree near the White House. This massive 48-foot spruce from Vermont was illuminated with 2,500 electric lights, captivating the public and signifying a shift from traditional candle-lit trees to safer electric options. The event fostered a sense of national unity and holiday spirit, with performances from the U.S. Marine Band enhancing the festive atmosphere. Coolidge's decision to introduce this tradition reflected the changing perceptions of Christmas in America, promoting a communal celebration that would continue for generations.
Mount Holyoke Choir's Impact on Christmas Carols
The Mount Holyoke College choir, under the direction of Dr. William Churchill Hammond, played a significant role in revitalizing ancient Christmas carols during the 1920s. Hammond's dedication to collecting and teaching obscure carols transformed the choir into a touring group, showcasing their talent and enriching America's holiday music repertoire. Their performance at New York's Town Hall in 1925 not only delighted alumni but was also broadcast live, reaching a broader audience and garnering positive reviews. The choir's contributions helped deepen the appreciation for Christmas carols, establishing them as a cherished tradition in American culture.
Knoxville's First Santa Claus Parade
In December 1928, Knoxville, Tennessee, attempted to hold its inaugural Santa Claus parade, only to be met with a heavy downpour that forced its cancellation. Despite initial disappointment, Santa sent a heartfelt letter to the city’s children, vowing to make a grand appearance the following day. When the weather cleared, the parade unfolded with enthusiastic crowds, featuring Santa and a variety of festive floats, delighting the children and attracting significant attention. This event not only resonated emotionally with the community but also stimulated local business, leading to the establishment of an enduring Christmas tradition in Knoxville.
Yeah, the whole decade—why not? One hundred years ago, people were just beginning (or reviving) traditions that are entrenched in our holiday celebrations today. Charitable giving at Christmas is ever present, and the winter of 1920 features the Great Humanitarian Herbert Hoover’s efforts to feed children in Europe with his “Invisible Guest” dinners. Another president, “Silent Cal” Coolidge, holds the first National Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony in 1923, cementing electric tree lights into our celebrations. And carols on the radio are coming into full swing, with live broadcasts from musicians like the Mount Holyoke Carol Choir.
And who can forget America’s proud tradition of consumerism? Ok, that didn’t start in the 1920s, but this is definitely the decade for some really swell presents. The Great War is over, wages are high, and it’s time to buy! Santa Claus himself appears at a 1928 Knoxville parade through the streets and stores, delighting children and business owners alike. After the Crash, Christmases get a bit more economical, so let’s celebrate while we still can. Merry Christmas and happy holidays!