The ImmunoVerse™ Hot vs. Cold Tumors: Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment, ft. Dr. Thomas Gajewski
Aug 28, 2025
Dr. Thomas Gajewski, a renowned tumor immunologist at the University of Chicago, shares groundbreaking insights on 'hot' and 'cold' tumors, revolutionizing immunotherapy. He explains how the tumor microenvironment and patient genetics influence immune responses, and discusses innovative strategies to convert resistant cold tumors into responsive ones. Fascinatingly, he links the gut microbiome to immunotherapy effectiveness, revealing distinct bacterial patterns in patients. Gajewski also touches on mentorship and the role of music in building scientific community.
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Hot Versus Cold Tumor Distinction
- Many tumors lack T cell infiltration and are 'cold', meaning the immune system never gets into the tumor microenvironment.
- 'Hot' tumors have T cells present but suppressed, making them amenable to checkpoint blockade like anti-PD therapy.
Restore Missing Immune Steps
- Study mechanisms that generate T-cell inflamed tumors and then design interventions to restore those processes in cold tumors.
- Use translational lab models and clinical specimens to test strategies that recreate the missing immune steps.
Three Patient Dimensions Affect Response
- Patient differences arise from tumor genetics, inherited germline DNA, and environmental factors.
- The gut microbiome is a key environmental dimension that influences immunotherapy response.