Like Humans, These Ants Can Perform Leg Amputations To Save Lives
Jul 10, 2024
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Science correspondent and ant enthusiast Nell Greenfieldboyce shares the fascinating world of ants, discussing their limb amputation practices, medical treatments, and unique survival strategies. Learn how ants exhibit cooperation, lack of distress, and self-sacrificing behaviors to ensure colony survival, revealing the intricate evolutionary adaptations of these tiny creatures.
Ants perform therapeutic amputations to save injured nest mates.
Ants exhibit evolutionary medical behaviors for colony survival and success.
Deep dives
Ants Practice Therapeutic Amputations for Injured Comrades
Researchers have discovered that ants, particularly the Florida carpenter ants, engage in therapeutic amputations to treat injured nest mates. These ants have been observed performing amputations on injured legs of their comrades, resembling a form of medical care. The study showed that this medical intervention is often life-saving, as the ants meticulously tend to wounds, licking them to prevent infections from spreading. The amputation procedure is selective and targeted, focusing on upper leg injuries rather than lower leg wounds to effectively block infection spread.
Evolutionary Adaptations in Ant Medical Care
The ant's medical behaviors, such as amputations and wound treatment, are evolutionary adaptations designed to ensure colony survival and success. Ants have developed specific strategies for dealing with injuries, including amputations performed by nest mates based on the location of the injury. These actions, while resembling human medical practices like clinical evaluations, are driven by evolutionary instincts rather than conscious decision-making processes.
Ants' Healthcare Measures Resemble Public Health Strategies
Ants exhibit behaviors that mirror human public health responses, such as self-isolation and quarantine, in the face of infections within their colonies. Ant colonies reconfigure social networks to limit infection spread, and infected ants may isolate themselves or die away from the nest, minimizing contagion. These actions, along with amputations and wound care, contribute to the overall well-being and success of the ant colony by preserving the health of individual ants.
Some ants herd aphids. Some farm fungi. And now, scientists have realized that when an ant injures its leg, it sometimes will turn to a buddy to perform a lifesaving limb amputation. Not only that — some ants have probably been amputating limbs longer than humans! Today, thanks to the reporting of ant enthusiast and science correspondent Nell Greenfieldboyce, we behold the medical prowess of the ant.
Want to hear more cool stories about the tiny critters among us? Email us at shortwave@npr.org — we'd love to know!