Should we change the way we elect presidents? Can we?
Oct 17, 2024
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Historian Alex Keyssar, a Harvard professor and expert on the Electoral College, dives into the U.S. presidential election process and its flaws. He highlights the paradox of winning the presidency without the popular vote and the implications of the winner-takes-all system. Keyssar explores modern alternatives, including the push for a national popular vote, and discusses the resistance from political leaders wary of losing influence. The conversation sheds light on the complexities of reform and emphasizes the importance of voter engagement in shaping a more democratic electoral future.
The Electoral College creates a democratic deficit that sometimes results in the popular vote loser becoming president, skewing national representation.
Potential reforms, including a national popular vote and proportional allocation of electoral votes, face significant challenges due to political and historical complexities.
Deep dives
Flaws of the Electoral College
The Electoral College is criticized for creating a democratic deficit where the candidate who wins the popular vote may not become president. This system encourages campaigns to focus on a few swing states, neglecting the wider electorate and restricting meaningful dialogue on national issues. Consequently, the election process becomes less representative of the entire country, as certain demographics and regions are often ignored in favor of swing voters. These flaws highlight the tension between the electoral system and true democratic principles.
Modernization Alternatives
Three potential alternatives to modernize the Electoral College system were discussed, each with its own implications and challenges. One option is to amend the Constitution to adopt a national popular vote, ensuring that every vote carries equal weight, but this is complicated by historical race issues in southern states. Another approach would be to allocate electoral votes proportionally or by congressional district, which could allow for a more equitable representation without undermining smaller states. The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact represents a third option, where states pledge their electoral votes to the national popular vote winner, though its practicality remains debatable.
Challenges to Change
The possibility of reforming the Electoral College faces significant challenges due to entrenched political structures and regional interests. While some experts believe change could happen within the next 10 to 20 years, it is contingent on shifts in party dynamics and public demand for reform. The complexity of calculating partisan advantages in different electoral systems complicates the push for change, often leaving the existing structure intact. For now, the importance of voting remains paramount as individual votes contribute directly to the state electoral vote in presidential elections.
The electoral college has served as the system to elect U.S. presidents since the earliest days of the country. And while it has evolved over the years, Americans still use this complex representative system to choose their country’s leaders. The system, however, is not without its flaws — and many have pushed for alternatives over the years.
In the third class about how the electoral college works, host Cristina Quinn talks with historian Alex Keyssar about potential alternatives to the way the United States elects presidents. The class explores the merits and flaws of the current system, and lays out the challenges to putting a different one in place.
Here are resources to help you learn more about attempts to overhaul the electoral college: