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The podcast episode discusses the significant changes in therapy for Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Previously, prognosis for this subtype was poor, but now targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies has improved outcomes. Studies have shown impressive results with overall survival and disease-free survival rates around 80%. This shift towards targeted therapies has reduced the need for transplants and opened doors for further advancements, such as the possibility of stopping therapy after several years.