Stuart Elden, "The Early Foucault" (Polity Press, 2021)
Jan 3, 2025
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In this discussion, Stuart Elden, a Professor of Political Theory and Geography at the University of Warwick, explores Michel Foucault's early career. He reveals how vital archival materials have redefined our understanding of Foucault's formative years in the 1950s and early 1960s. Topics include the influence of his mentors, his academic challenges, and the contrasting landscapes of Uppsala and Warsaw. Elden also delves into how these experiences shaped Foucault's pivotal work, 'The History of Madness,' highlighting his evolving intellectual path.
Foucault's early academic experiences in Paris, influenced by mentors, profoundly shaped his intellectual trajectory towards philosophical inquiry and critique of societal institutions.
The extensive archival research conducted on Foucault's formative years underscores the importance of primary materials in creating a comprehensive intellectual biography.
Deep dives
Foucault's Early Academic Journey
Foucault's early academic experience in Paris during the late 1940s and early 1950s shaped his intellectual development significantly. Studying philosophy and psychology under prominent figures like Jean Hippolyte and Louis Althusser, he faced considerable challenges, including failing a key examination due to excessive ambition in showcasing his knowledge. This intense academic environment not only influenced his intellectual trajectory but also led him to teach psychology to philosophy students, marking a blend of interests that would recur throughout his career. Foucault's struggles during this period illustrate the formative nature of his early education and the emergence of themes that would later dominate his work.
Archival Research Methodologies
The extensive archival research undertaken to explore Foucault's early career reveals a methodical and exhaustive approach to uncovering materials. Initially uncertain about the sufficiency of available resources, the researcher discovered a wealth of unpublished papers, including early student notes and drafts left behind by Foucault. This process required navigating through both well-documented archives and less organized collections, emphasizing the importance of primary materials in constructing an intellectual biography. The availability of new sources allowed for a richer narrative of Foucault's formative years, showcasing how methodological tenacity can yield significant insights into an influential thinker's background.
The History of Madness and Its Impact
Foucault's seminal work, The History of Madness, reflects a transformative leap in both his intellectual rigor and thematic scope. This text emerged as a culmination of research and ideas developed throughout his earlier career, addressing complex subjects such as madness, incarceration, and knowledge production. Notably, it laid the groundwork for many of Foucault's subsequent works, making it a cornerstone in his oeuvre. The impact of The History of Madness extended beyond academia, shaping discussions around psychology and psychiatry and establishing a framework for critical evaluation of societal institutions.
Significant Career Choices and Opportunities
Throughout Foucault's early career, he was presented with a myriad of pathways that could have significantly altered his trajectory as an intellectual. His involvement in teaching, writing, and cultural projects allowed him to explore various ideas, yet he ultimately selected routes that focused on philosophical inquiry rather than practical applications in psychology or psychiatry. This series of decisions, including his significant move to Uppsala and later time in Warsaw, showcased the intertwining of opportunity and personal choice in shaping his career. Such reflections emphasize the unpredictability of intellectual journeys and the vital influence of chance encounters and decisions that define a thinker's path.
What were the key ideas and influences on Michel Foucault’s early career? In The Early Foucault (Polity Press, 2021),Stuart Elden, Professor of Political Theory and Geography at the University of Warwick and author of the Progressive Geographies blog, charts Foucault’s formative intellectual years leading up to the publication of the ground-breaking The History of Madness. The book uses a range of new archival material, much of which has been only recently accessible, to show the influence of teachers, mentors, and colleagues, as well as Foucault’s practice as an academic and writer during the 1950s and early 1960s. Telling the story of the possible intellectual trajectories, in psychology and philosophy, Foucault might have followed, along with a clear examination of the roots of his later work, the book is essential reading across the humanities and social sciences.
Dave O'Brien is Chancellor's Fellow, Cultural and Creative Industries, at the University of Edinburgh's College of Art.