Politics and Religion in Late Antiquity, Part II: The Rise of Christianity and the Invention and Eclipse of ‘Paganism’
Jun 29, 2022
auto_awesome
Exploring the rise of Christianity and decline of paganism in late-antique Rome, including the evolution of Christianity from Judaism, the persecution of Christians, the implementation of the Tetrarchy system by Diocletian, and Constantine's conversion and his complex relationship with traditional Roman polytheism.
The rise of Christianity led to the increasing division between Christians and pagans, with the term 'paganism' being used as a derogatory label by Christians to separate themselves from traditional religious practices.
Christianity developed a distinct identity separate from its Jewish origins, with Christians being expelled from synagogues and a growing anti-Jewish sentiment among both Christians and Jews.
Constantine's reign marked a significant shift towards Christianity as the preferred religion of the Roman Empire, leading to the suppression of polytheistic practices.
Deep dives
The gradual separation of Christianity from its cultural matrix
Throughout late antiquity, Christianity gradually dissociated itself from its cultural origins in late Second Temple Judaism. With the rise of Christianity, the distinctions between Christians and pagans became more pronounced, especially in relation to the Roman state's religious power.
The branding of paganism by Christians
Christians rebranded the Roman state's religious approach as 'paganism', using the term as a derogatory label for the more traditionally religious neighbors. The term 'pagan' was initially used by Latin-speaking Christians to imply that these traditional religious practices were backward and misguided.
The complex relationship between Jewish and Christian identities
In the third century, Christians and Jews coexisted, with overlap between the two groups. Jewish Christians still attended the temple, but Jews expelled Christians from the synagogue. Over time, Christianity developed a non-Jewish and sometimes anti-Jewish identity in the eyes of both Christians and Jews.
The emergence of heretical movements within Christianity
As Christianity grew, there was an increasing concern among Christian intellectuals about ensuring the purity of the faith. This led to the rise of heretical movements, such as Manichaeism, which were branded as heresies by some Christians.
Constantine's role in the Christianization of the Empire
Constantine's reign marked a significant shift towards Christianity as the preferred religion of the Roman Empire. Although the exact nature of Constantine's conversion is debated, his policies favored Christianity and contributed to the gradual suppression of polytheistic practices in the empire.
We dive into the history of late-antique Rome from the perspective of Jews, Christians, ‘pagans’, ‘heretics’, and others vis à vis the Roman state, and give some partial explanations for how the ‘impossible’ happened, and the Empire became the Christian Empire.
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode