Aging is an essential topic for the MCAT, and in this episode, we’ll explore it from multiple angles. We start with the biological aspects of aging, including key processes like telomere shortening, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction—each providing insight into how and why cells age. From there, we dive into how aging impacts the brain, including the types of memory and cognitive functions that either decline or improve with age. Lastly, we’ll cover the sociology of aging, focusing on the life course theory, the social significance of aging, and demographic changes.
Expect a comprehensive breakdown of these concepts, with real-world applications and examples to reinforce your understanding.
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Jump Into the Conversation:
(00:00) Intro
(02:30) Cellular markers of aging: Protein aggregation and telomere shortening
(04:55) Exploring cell senescence and autophagy dysregulation
(07:20) Mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in cellular aging
(09:10) Deep dive into telomeres and the Hayflick Limit
(12:30) Introduction to aging in the brain
(13:45) Memory and cognitive functions that remain stable with age
(15:30) Brain functions that improve as we age: Crystallized intelligence and emotional intelligence
(17:00) Brain functions that decline with age: Episodic memory and processing speed
(19:30) Causes of changes in brain function: Brain size, vasculature, and neurotransmitter levels
(22:15) Introduction to the life course theory and its relation to aging
(24:45) The social significance of aging in different cultures
(26:00) The aging population and its impact on healthcare