#449 Travel Medicine, Malaria, Traveler’s Diarrhea, Yellow Fever, and more! with Dr. Boghuma Titanji
Jul 15, 2024
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Dr. Boghuma Titanji shares insights on Travel Medicine, covering topics like malaria, traveler's diarrhea, yellow fever, and vaccination guidance. Discussions include mosquito avoidance, food safety, treating diarrhea, and yellow fever vaccine details. The importance of understanding travel history, malaria prevention, and travel health tips are also highlighted.
Proper malaria chemoprophylaxis involves daily medications like atovacone proguanil, doxycycline, or primaquine, each with specific benefits and considerations for different individuals.
Preventing traveler's diarrhea includes avoiding tap water, washing fruits and vegetables with boiled water, practicing safe food habits, and considering the severity of symptoms for appropriate antibiotic usage.
Yellow fever vaccination is essential for travel to endemic areas, with costs varying and additional vaccines like typhoid and Japanese encephalitis dependent on travel specifics and individual factors.
Deep dives
Preventing Malaria Using Daily Medications
When traveling to malaria-endemic regions like Sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia, taking daily medications like atovacone proguanil, doxycycline, or primaquine can prevent Plasmodium falciparum infections. Atovacone proguanil inhibits liver stage development and is well-tolerated but not suitable for pregnant individuals. Doxycycline prevents malaria post-liver stage and is ideal for those at risk of tick-borne infections. Primaquine prevents hypnozoites in vivax malaria but requires G6PD testing; adherence is crucial for efficacy.
Weekly Medication Options for Malaria Prophylaxis
Weekly options like mefloquine or chloroquine offer protection, with mefloquine being safe for pregnant individuals but not ideal for those with arrhythmias. Chloroquine works in regions with Plasmodium vivax and less falciparum but is less tolerated and can cause tinnitus. Tafenoquine is effective against vivax and falciparum with a shorter duration, yet availability may be limited.
General Tips for Food and Water Safety While Traveling
To prevent traveler's diarrhea, it's essential to drink bottled water, avoid tap water even for brushing teeth, thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables with boiled water, and adhere to safe food practices. Street foods may carry risks of contamination, so preparing own food may decrease chances of illness.
Counseling on Avoiding Infectious Diseases While Traveling
Apart from malaria prevention, advising on safe sex practices, using condoms, and considering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for certain risks like HIV exposure is crucial. Emphasizing on travel insurance, general hygiene, and medication adherence for chronic conditions can ensure a healthy trip.
Management of Traveler's Diarrhea
For traveler's diarrhea, the approach is categorized into three levels based on severity. Initial loose stools that do not interfere with daily plans do not typically require antibiotics, focusing on hydration. Moderate cases lead to itinerary modifications due to ongoing discomfort, indicating antibiotic usage like azithromycin, especially if planning to enjoy street food. Severe diarrhea, causing cancellations and bloody stools, necessitates antibiotics and likely medical care, emphasizing the importance of oral rehydration salts to prevent dehydration.
Yellow Fever Vaccination and Other Travel-related Vaccines
Yellow fever vaccination is crucial for travel to endemic areas like the DRC, emphasizing the risk of adverse reactions in immunocompromised individuals. The vaccination cost varies, generally requiring out-of-pocket payment. Other vaccines like typhoid and Japanese encephalitis depend on travel duration and location, with precautions for older individuals. Issues with the dengue vaccine due to previous exposure and the need to consider the availability and timing of vaccinations for effective protection.
Get your patients ready to globetrot with our fantastic review of Travel Medicine with the esteemed Dr. Boghuma Titanji (@Boghuma)! We cover malaria, anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis, basics of treatment and management of traveler’s diarrhea, yellow fever, and vaccination guidance!
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