Keen On America

The Broken China Dream: How Reform Revived Totalitarianism

Dec 3, 2025
Minxin Pei, a prominent China scholar and professor at Claremont, dives into the complexities of China's broken dream in this engaging discussion. He critiques the reforms of Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping, highlighting how they have revived totalitarianism despite some economic achievements. Pei contrasts materialism with the lack of political freedoms, warns of growing inequality, and examines China's mobilization advantages as a one-party state. He also explores the pitfalls of superpower ambition and forecasts the challenges Xi faces in 2026.
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INSIGHT

Material Gains Without Political Freedom

  • The Chinese dream should combine material prosperity with political freedom and international integration.
  • Minxin Pei argues China is prosperous but neither free nor fully part of the international community.
INSIGHT

Chinese Values Mirror Western Individualism

  • Most Chinese value individualism, equal opportunity and meritocracy similar to Americans.
  • Minxin Pei says Chinese popular values align with material and individual aspirations, not collectivist ideology.
ANECDOTE

Shanghai Then And Now

  • Minxin Pei recalls Shanghai's dramatic transformation since he left China in 1985.
  • He notes per capita income still lags the U.S., so the material China dream is only partially realized.
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