What the Religious Right Got Wrong: Evangelicalism (1945 - 1960)
Oct 20, 2021
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Exploring the evolution of evangelical beliefs and identities, from theological concepts to political labels. Historical implications of the Supreme Court ruling on state-led prayers in public schools. The intertwining of anti-communism and religious beliefs in the Cold War era. President Eisenhower's partnership with Billy Graham and the rise of 'God and country' sentiment. Legal battles and societal tensions surrounding prayer and Bible reading in public schools.
Evangelicalism in the 1950s blended anti-communism with Christian values, led by influential figures like Billy Graham, contributing to a cultural shift towards America as a Christian nation.
The 1962 Supreme Court ruling against state-led prayer in public schools sparked intense reactions, seen as 'banning' God from the US despite the prayer being innocuous.
The 1963 Supreme Court decision against a Pennsylvania law mandating Bible readings in schools escalated religious tensions, laying the groundwork for the emergence of the religious right.
Deep dives
The Rise of Religious Influence
In the 1950s, America experienced a rise in the merging of God, country, and civic religion. This was fueled by influential figures like Billy Graham, who combined anti-communism with Christian values. President Eisenhower emphasized spiritual renewal and prayer in his administration, leading to a cultural shift towards America being seen as a Christian nation.
End of State-led Prayer in Schools
In 1962, the Supreme Court ruled against state-led prayer in public schools in the case of Engle v. Vitale, leading to a nationwide ban on mandated prayer. Billy Graham and others viewed this as God being 'banned' from the US, sparking intense reactions, despite the prayer being a mostly innocuous statement of dependence on God.
Challenge to Bible Reading in Schools
The following year, in 1963, the Supreme Court overturned a Pennsylvania law mandating teachers to read 10 Bible verses daily, a case known as Abington Township v. Schempp. This decision further heightened religious tensions as many considered it an encroachment on traditional religious practices.
Evangelical Backlash and Social Changes
The 1960s witnessed a significant backlash from evangelicals and conservatives against perceived encroachments on religious practices. The era was marked by movements such as civil rights, Vietnam War protests, equal rights, and the women's liberation movement. These social changes set the stage for the emergence of the religious right.
Response to Left-wing Pressures
The left-wing responses to religious influences and incursions led to a conservative counter-response, paving the way for the rise of the religious right. The 1960s and subsequent decades saw a complex interplay of political, social, and religious factors shaping American culture and identity.
This week's episode is the first of a three-part series about the rise of the religious right. Today, we focus on Evangelicalism as we go through history to discuss what it means to be evangelical and why it can be both theological and political. We then dive right into what led evangelical Christians to become political and the effect of the Supreme Court ruling that stated it's unconstitutional to have state-led prayers in public schools. Listen now!