Ep. 64: “Blood Reprogramming” Featuring Dr. Kateri Moore
Apr 26, 2016
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Dr. Kateri Moore, an associate professor at Icahn School of Medicine, shares her pioneering work on hematopoietic stem cells and their therapeutic potentials. She discusses innovative techniques for reprogramming somatic cells into hematopoietic cells and their implications for cancer therapies. The conversation also touches on the dormant states of these stem cells and their activation during stress. Insights into the challenges and breakthroughs in this dynamic field highlight the emotional journey of scientific research, alongside reflections on their personal milestones.
Dr. Kateri Moore's research explores the conversion of somatic cells into hematopoietic stem cells for innovative blood disease therapies.
The validated link between Zika virus and severe birth defects heightens public health awareness and preventive measures for pregnant women.
Advancements in brain-computer interfaces provide hope for paralyzed individuals by enabling them to regain functionalities through signal translation technology.
Deep dives
Reprogramming Blood Stem Cells
Researchers are exploring the reprogramming of somatic cells into hematopoietic stem cells, which are crucial for sustaining the blood system. This involves using specific transcription factors to convert other types of cells into blood stem cells, thereby innovating potential therapeutic approaches for blood-related diseases. The research aims to better understand the mechanisms behind this process, focusing on how stem cells can be created and maintained in vitro. Initial findings suggest that a deeper understanding of these conversion pathways could lead to breakthroughs in generating effective blood cell therapies.
Zika Virus and Microcephaly Connection
The link between the Zika virus and microcephaly has been increasingly validated through scientific research, leading to heightened awareness and caution, especially for pregnant women. Studies demonstrate that Zika can impact neural development, reinforcing the need for preventive measures when traveling to affected areas. This understanding allows for more informed public health guidelines, urging pregnant women to avoid regions with Zika outbreaks. Awareness campaigns will likely focus on connecting Zika exposure to severe birth defects, facilitating better maternal health strategies.
Advancements in Brain-Computer Interface Technology
Innovative brain-computer interface technology is allowing paralyzed individuals to regain functionality in their limbs, bypassing injury points. This system translates the brain's signals into actions, enabling tasks such as grabbing objects and playing video games, marking a significant advancement in rehabilitation methods. Current developments focus on refining this technology to improve its application and effectiveness, signaling hope for individuals with mobility impairments. As this technology evolves, it could open the door to new therapeutic possibilities for neurological rehabilitation.
Impact of Rising CO2 on Flower Nutrition
Research indicates that increased carbon dioxide levels are diminishing the protein content in flowering plants, which could have adverse effects on bee populations. These findings highlight the intricate connections within ecosystems, particularly how changes in plant nutrition may negatively impact essential pollinator species. A reduction in bee populations can lead to significant consequences for agriculture and biodiversity due to their crucial role in plant fertilization. This underscores the need for comprehensive environmental studies to mitigate impacts stemming from climate change.
Developmental Importance of Retinal Organoids
Creating retinal organoids from stem cells has great potential for advancing our understanding of eye development and disease. These miniaturized structures allow researchers to study the complex architecture of the retina and identify the processes that lead to various eye disorders. Recent advancements in generating these organoids improve the efficiency of producing photoreceptors, essential for vision. The insights gained from these studies could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for treating degenerative eye diseases.
Guest:
Stem cell researcher Dr. Kateri Moore from Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai discusses her work and latest paper in Developmental Cell. Her paper covers hematopoietic reprogramming in mice.
Resources and Links
Zika Definitely Causes Severe Birth Defects, CDC Says – A causal relationship exists between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies.
Neural Prosthesis Lets Quadriplegic Man Wiggle Fingers, Flex Wrist, Grasp Items – This article shows that intracortically recorded signals can be linked in real-time to muscle activation to restore movement in a paralyzed human.
Bees May Need a Protein Supplement! – This article indicates that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can reduce protein content of a floral pollen source widely used by North American bees.
Some People Are Resistant to Genetic Disease – Researchers describe a complementary approach that seeks to identify healthy individuals resilient to highly penetrant forms of genetic childhood disorders, like Mendelian diseases.
73 Percent of Teens Own or Have Access to a Smartphone – Distractions from engaging in mobile devices in class lead to bad study habits and vehicle crashes when texting or talking while driving.
Using Love Handles to Cure Diabetes? – Martin Fussenegger, Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at ETH Zurich's Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering in Basel, performed a feat that many specialists had until now held to be impossible: his team extracted stem cells from a 50-year-old test subject's fatty tissue and applied genetic reprogramming to make them mature into functional beta cells.
3D Printing Biopen Lets Surgeons Draw with Stem Cells - This article reveals that orthopedic surgeons may soon simply draw new cartilage inside your knee, using a 3D printing, stem-cell-extruding device called the “BioPen”.
Retinal Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently Recapitulate Retinogenesis – Researchers developed a protocol for the efficient generation of large, 3D-stratified retinal organoids that does not require evagination of optic-vesicle-like structures, which so far limited the organoid yield.
Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Directly from Isolated Cells of the Human Inner Cell Mass – In resetting culture conditions of selective kinase inhibition, individual inner cell mass cells grow into colonies that may then be expanded over multiple passages while retaining a diploid karyotype and naive properties.
Expression Analysis Highlights AXL as a Candidate Zika Virus Entry Receptor in Neural Stem Cells – Researchers found that the candidate viral entry receptor AXL is highly expressed by human radial glial cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia in developing human cortex and by progenitor cells in developing retina.
Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Kateri Moore
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