In this conversation, Teresa Bejan, a political theory professor at the University of Oxford, dives into the nuances of free speech and the complexities of tolerance. She argues that true civility is essential for meaningful discourse and critiques the term 'problematic' for stifling deeper discussions. Bejan elaborates on how the culture of free expression should go beyond legal protections, emphasizing the need for virtue in society. The dialogue also explores the balance between social conformity and individual expression, particularly in academic settings.
Teresa Bejan emphasizes that a robust culture of free speech necessitates more than just legal protections, requiring genuine engagement and open dialogue.
The podcast highlights the problematic nature of vague language in discourse, which can inhibit meaningful discussion and accountability in addressing complex issues.
Civility is framed as a crucial political virtue that promotes continued conversation amid disagreement, yet it must be correctly defined to avoid suppressing essential debates.
Deep dives
Understanding Phishing and Cybersecurity
Phishing is a common and dangerous tactic used by cybercriminals to gain unauthorized access to personal information and devices. Awareness of phishing scams is crucial for self-protection, as these scams often disguise themselves as legitimate requests for information. Educational initiatives during Cybersecurity Awareness Month emphasize the importance of recognizing and avoiding phishing attempts. Resources like LifeLock offer comprehensive identity theft protection, helping individuals stay informed and vigilant against such threats.
The Problematic Nature of Language
The term 'problematic' has proliferated in both everyday and academic discourse, often functioning as an evaluative term that indicates disapproval without providing clear justification. This vague use of language can hinder meaningful discussion about specific issues, as it allows for disengagement rather than critical engagement. Similarly, the concept of misinformation serves as an imprecise label that can obscure the real issues at hand, making it challenging to formulate effective responses. A more precise vocabulary is essential for promoting understanding and accountability in discourse.
Free Speech and Social Conformity
Free speech is often taken for granted, yet it is a complex concept that encompasses both the right to express opinions and the power dynamics that can silence individuals. History shows that having a formal right to speak does not necessarily equate to a culture of open dialogue. The tension between having a say and genuinely speaking one's mind can result in self-censorship, particularly in environments such as universities where social conformity may stifle authentic expression. Reflecting on the historical context of free speech highlights the need for a balance between protecting rights and fostering a culture of true discourse.
Civility as a Political Virtue
Civility is increasingly seen as a critical political virtue that enables continued conversation even amid disagreement. It serves as a standard for conducting disagreements peacefully, which is essential for maintaining civil discourse in a society characterized by diverse opinions. However, a narrow definition of civility can lead to a form of repression that stifles necessary debates. Recognizing civility as a low bar, yet an essential condition for productive disagreement, challenges the notion that civility is merely politeness rather than an active commitment to engagement.
Tolerance and Its Complexity in Liberal Societies
The concept of tolerance in liberal societies has evolved, often shifting from an understanding of tolerance as restraint to interpreting it as an absence of judgment. This change complicates the way we navigate discussions around contentious issues, particularly given the rise of intolerance in various forms. True tolerance requires not only accepting diverse viewpoints but also enduring those we find objectionable without suppressing them. Acknowledging the historical roots of tolerance within various cultural contexts can deepen our understanding of its significance and guide us in fostering a truly inclusive society.
Yascha Mounk and Teresa Bejan discuss the secret history of free speech and why the word “problematic” is problematic.
Teresa Bejan is a professor of political theory at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Oriel College. She is the author of Mere Civility: Disagreement and the Limits of Toleration and the forthcoming First Among Equals, which explores ideas of equality before modern egalitarianism.
In this week’s conversation, Yascha Mounk and Teresa Bejan discuss how liberals should think about the role of virtue in society; why a robust culture of free speech requires more than just legal protections; and why "mere" civility is the key to unlocking a broader conception of tolerance.
