Open to Debate Will the Future Be Abundant?
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Oct 17, 2025 
Peter Diamandis, founder of the XPRIZE Foundation and proponent of 'data-driven optimism', argues that exponential technologies will transform scarcity into abundance. In contrast, geopolitical strategist Peter Zeihan warns that deglobalization, aging populations, and a declining China pose significant risks to future prosperity. They explore the impact of tech on inequality, future food security, and potential geopolitical conflicts. Both find common ground on technology's promise, but diverge sharply on the pace of change and necessary caution.
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Tech Is Turning Scarcity Into Abundance
- Exponential technologies are transforming scarcity into abundance across food, water, energy, healthcare and education.
- Peter Diamandis argues data-driven trends show access to fundamentals has dramatically improved over decades.
Past Gains Rely On Fragile Pillars
- Recent global gains depended on globalization, favorable demographics, and China’s role in production and markets.
- Peter Zeihan warns those pillars are eroding and predict a non-abundant, turbulent transition.
Demographics Drive Innovation Pace
- Demographics shape innovation because large cohorts of young, social workers and abundant capital fuel breakthroughs.
- Zeihan contends aging populations and retiring boomers raise capital costs and slow tech-driven progress.
