Satoru Hashimoto, "Afterlives of Letters: The Transnational Origins of Modern Literature in China, Japan, and Korea" (Columbia UP, 2023)
Oct 11, 2024
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Satoru Hashimoto, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University, dives into the transnational roots of modern literature in China, Japan, and Korea. He discusses the impact of 19th-century cultural exchanges and how writers navigated historical relationships to reshape literature during modernization. Hashimoto highlights the significance of political novels and historical narratives, examining how key figures influenced literary landscapes across borders. His insights connect classical traditions with contemporary themes, challenging nationalistic perspectives in East Asian literature.
Modern literature in East Asia originated from shared cultural exchanges between China, Japan, and Korea, reshaping literary practices during the 19th century.
Writers like Liang Qichao and Lu Xun exemplified the complex interplay between heritage and modernization, utilizing parody and historical fiction to redefine identity.
Deep dives
Transnational Origins of Modern Literature
Modern literature in East Asia emerged from complex cultural exchanges between China, Japan, and Korea during the 19th century. Intellectuals from these regions shared common literary concepts, which were profoundly influenced by historical transformations brought about by modernization. As traditional literary norms were destabilized, these writers sought to create literature appropriate for a new era. The interactions across these nations fostered a transnational literary environment that contributed significantly to the development of modern literary practices.
Influence of Liang Qichao
Liang Qichao, a prominent figure in modern Chinese literature, had a significant influence on East Asian literary circles, especially in Japan and Korea. After his exile to Japan, he actively translated and adapted Japanese texts into Chinese, which played a vital role in shaping contemporary literary thought in the region. His translations and writings prompted other intellectuals, such as Shin Chae-ho in Korea, to explore national identity and history through literature. By leveraging traditional narrative forms, they sought to create a distinct Korean national narrative while grappling with the complexities of cultural influence.
Engagement with Literary Heritage
Key figures like Lu Xun, Mori Ogai, and Yi Guan Su are foundational to the modern literary canon and exemplify how writers engaged with their literary heritage. Contrary to the belief that these writers produced a radical break from the past, their works reflect intricate parodic relationships with earlier literatures. By employing parody as a form of critical engagement, these authors explored new expressive possibilities within literature. This nuanced interaction allowed them to redefine their literary identity while acknowledging their cultural roots.
Historical Fiction as Allegory
Historical fiction emerged as a significant genre in modern East Asian literature, originating from European traditions yet adapted to local contexts. Writers such as Lu Xun and Mori Ogai utilized this genre to navigate their countries' tumultuous histories and identity crises. However, unlike their European counterparts, East Asian historical fiction often reflects confusion about historical positioning rather than clear cognitive mapping. This ambiguity underscores the challenges writers faced in reconciling the past with modernization, highlighting the dynamic relationship between history and contemporary literary expression.
When East Asia opened itself to the world in the nineteenth century, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean intellectuals had shared notions of literature because of the centuries-long cultural exchanges in the region. As modernization profoundly destabilized cultural norms, they ventured to create new literature for the new era.
Satoru Hashimoto offers a novel way of understanding the origins of modern literature in a transregional context, drawing on Chinese-, Japanese-, and Korean-language texts in both classical and vernacular forms. He argues that modern literature came into being in East Asia through writerly attempts at reconstructing the present’s historical relationship to the past across the cultural transformations caused by modernization. Hashimoto examines writers’ anachronistic engagement with past cultures that were deemed obsolete or antithetical to new systems of values, showing that this transnational process was integral to the emergence of modern literature.
Satoru Hashimoto is assistant professor of comparative thought and literature at the Johns Hopkins University. He has published in English, Japanese, Chinese, and French on topics in comparative literature, aesthetics, and thought engaging East Asian and European traditions. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of World Literature.
Li-Ping Chen is a teaching fellow in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Southern California. Her research interests include literary translingualism, diaspora, and nativism in Sinophone, inter-Asian, and transpacific contexts.