This collection includes Gödel's most influential papers, such as his completeness theorem and incompleteness theorems, which fundamentally changed the understanding of formal systems and their limitations. His work laid the foundation for theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.
In 'Word and Object', Quine delves into the interplay between language and ontology, proposing that only physical objects and abstract sets are real. He introduces the concept of indeterminacy of translation, highlighting the challenges in translating languages due to the inherent ambiguity in meaning. The book also explores language acquisition and advocates for a canonical notation to clarify ontological commitments.
John Archibald Wheeler's 'it from bit' concept posits that physical reality, including particles and spacetime, derives its existence from binary information (bits) obtained through yes-no questions. This idea is central to understanding the participatory nature of reality in quantum physics. Wheeler's work emphasizes the role of the observer in shaping reality.
In 'The Structure of Appearance', Nelson Goodman presents a systematic approach to understanding the structure of our phenomenal experience. The book is a significant contribution to analytic philosophy, aiming to clarify basic issues in the theory of knowledge through logical reconstruction. Goodman's work here lays the groundwork for his later explorations in aesthetics and the philosophy of art.
In 'The Assayer', Galileo discusses the nature of comets and argues they are sublunary phenomena. The book includes methodological pronouncements, such as the idea that the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics. It also touches on atomism, a doctrine considered heretical at the time.
Charles Darwin's notebooks, particularly his metaphysical notebooks (M and N), contain musings on the mind-body problem, free will, and neurological topics. These writings reflect his interest in understanding the relationship between mind and brain, often using metaphors to explain cognitive processes. While there is no single book titled 'Charles Darwin's notebooks on the mind-body problem,' his notebooks provide valuable insights into his thoughts on these subjects.
Noam Chomsky is a renowned linguist and philosopher, but there is no book by him titled 'Theories of Everything.' His notable works include 'Syntactic Structures' and 'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.'
This collection includes Emil Post's seminal papers on computability, such as 'Finite Combinatory Processes - Formulation 1,' which describes a computational model similar to the Turing machine. His work laid foundational aspects of modern computer science and logic.
This book compiles Alan Turing's most influential works, including his foundational papers on computability and the Turing test. It provides insights into his contributions to computer science, logic, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. Edited by B. Jack Copeland, it offers a comprehensive overview of Turing's intellectual legacy.
In *Consciousness Explained*, Daniel Dennett undertakes a full-scale exploration of human consciousness. He challenges the traditional, commonsense theory of consciousness and introduces the 'Multiple Drafts' model as an alternative to the 'Cartesian Theater' concept. Dennett draws on a wealth of information from neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence to transform current theories about conscious life in humans, animals, and even robots. The book is praised for its accessible and engaging style, making complex scientific and philosophical concepts highly digestible for both experts and general readers[2][4][5].
In this influential work, Hume seeks to establish a 'science of man' by applying the experimental method of reasoning, inspired by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences. The treatise is divided into three books: 'Of the Understanding', 'Of the Passions', and 'Of Morals'. Hume argues that human behavior is driven by passions rather than reason, introduces the problem of induction, and defends a sentimentalist account of morality. He also discusses personal identity and free will from a sceptical and compatibilist perspective.
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/xNXqAaF_cxU
Consciousness has NOT been explained, says Chomsky.
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Subreddit r/TheoriesOfEverything: https://reddit.com/r/theoriesofeverything
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LINKS MENTIONED:
-April Fools / Ranking every TOE: https://youtu.be/QOV1pcSOoZ4
-April Fools / Announcements for TOE: https://youtu.be/a5hp-7sGo0A
-Chomsky TOE playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlORiRfcaQe8ZdxKxF-e2BCY
-Chomsky TOE playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlORiRfcaQe8ZdxKxF-e2BCY
-Dennett's Quining Qualia: https://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/dennett/papers/quinqual.htm
-Michael Levin TOE podcast: https://youtu.be/Z0TNfysTazc
TIMESTAMPS:
00:00:00 Introduction
00:03:41 Putnam and Mathematical Realism
00:09:06 Are numbers "real"?
00:10:01 Text vs. Meaning / Content vs. Meaning
00:13:28 Are all words "contrast words"? (only making sense in terms of their negation)
00:16:01 How can the word "meaningless" ever be "meaningful"?
00:17:38 Reference vs. Referent
00:28:32 Daniel Dennett's "Quining Qualia"
00:30:44 Consciousness explained?
00:34:27 Mind Body dualism ("body" is no more fundamental than "mind")
00:44:32 Is Chomsky an idealist?
00:46:29 We can't answer anything with certainty
00:50:53 Articulating what's ambiguous (what the heck is going on!?)
00:58:24 Studying consciousness from the 1st person vs 3rd person perspective
00:59:34 How do we generate "definitions"
01:04:59 Curt's question to the audience (for linguists)
* * *
Just wrapped (April 2021) a documentary called Better Left Unsaid http://betterleftunsaidfilm.com on the topic of "when does the left go too far?" Visit that site if you'd like to watch it.
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Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal 
