From the archive: ‘A deranged pyroscape’: how fires across the world have grown weirder
Jan 15, 2025
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Discover the surprising truth about wildfires worldwide, as recent data reveals fewer burning lands despite more intense megafires. Historical attitudes and climate change intertwine, reshaping perceptions of fire's role in ecosystems. The podcast examines the socio-economic impacts and the intricate human relationship with fire, highlighting alarming health effects from smoke exposure. It urges a reevaluation of fire management practices to adapt to our changing environment, providing a nuanced perspective on this fiery crisis.
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Quick takeaways
Despite alarming media narratives, the global land area burning from wildfires has actually decreased, highlighting a skewed perception of fire's dangers.
A historical understanding of fire management, including controlled burns, is crucial for fostering a responsible relationship with fire in modern ecosystems.
Deep dives
The Changing Dynamics of Wildfires
Wildfires are becoming more intense and challenging to control, particularly in places like California, where they are now occurring closer to urban areas. Despite the prevalence of alarming visuals of devastation, it's important to note that overall, the amount of land burning globally has decreased over the years. The fires we currently see are often more dangerous but occupy smaller geographic areas compared to historical fires. The geography of modern wildfires suggests that while humanity is witnessing headlines about catastrophic wildfires, these events are not representative of an overall increase in fire incidents.
Global Perspectives on Fire
While fires in affluent countries tend to receive the most media attention, the deadliest fires often occur in poorer regions where chronic, smaller fires lead to higher mortality rates primarily due to smoke inhalation. Countries like Indonesia face massive fire challenges driven by land clearing for agriculture and industrial development, which are less visible to a global audience. The impact of these fires can be devastating, with studies indicating significant health consequences related to smoke. This discrepancy in coverage contributes to a skewed understanding of fire's dangers, favoring a narrative that aligns with wealthier societies' experiences.
The Historical Relationship Between Humans and Fire
Fire has played a critical role in human history, once serving as a tool for survival and ecosystem management. Ancient practices involved using fire to cultivate landscapes and sustain biodiversity, allowing communities to thrive. However, modern approaches have marginalized these traditional practices, leading to a disconnection from fire's beneficial aspects and the tools needed for effective land management. As urbanization and industrialization increase, the cultural knowledge surrounding fire has diminished, resulting in an environment where irregular, catastrophic fires have become the norm.
Reassessing Fire Management Tactics
The approach to fire management has shifted over time, moving from suppression strategies to a renewed appreciation for controlled burns that can benefit ecosystems. Many fire-prone areas now grapple with the consequences of previous fire suppression, leading to an accumulation of fuel that can cause larger wildfires. The expectation that these fires will always be catastrophic may hinder a more nuanced understanding of fire's role in certain ecosystems. A more responsible relationship with fire would embrace intentional burning practices informed by historical knowledge, allowing societies to utilize fire as a natural and necessary phenomenon rather than merely a destructive force.
We are raiding the Guardian Long Read archives to bring you some classic pieces from years past, with new introductions from the authors. This week, from 2022: Despite the rise of headline-grabbing megafires, fewer fires are burning worldwide now than at any time since antiquity. But this isn’t good news – in banishing fire from sight, we have made its dangers stranger and less predictable. By Daniel Immerwahr. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/longreadpod
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