Amrita Narayanan, "Women's Sexuality and Modern India: In a Rapture of Distress" (Oxford UP, 2022)
Jan 18, 2025
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Amrita Narayanan, a clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst, delves into the intricate dynamics of women's sexuality in modern India. She discusses the importance of understanding sexual agency beyond societal suffering and cultural narratives. The conversation highlights the emotional complexities faced by women, particularly the interplay of personal desires and communal pressures. Narayanan also examines father-daughter relationships, the psychological impact of losing sexual autonomy, and the paradoxes of pleasure and renunciation in women's experiences.
The book critiques the predominance of sympathy in narratives around women's suffering, which risks reducing their identities to mere victims rather than recognizing their sexual agency.
Amrita Narayanan emphasizes the critical role of father-daughter relationships in shaping women's sense of independence and healthy sexual identity amidst cultural expectations.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Women's Sexuality in Modern India
The book examines how women's sexuality has been underexplored and unarticulated in modern Indian society, particularly due to the absence of a sexual revolution. It discusses three key works of the author, which aim to articulate the nuances of middle-class Indian women's sexual experiences through different lenses; fiction, anthologies, and psychoanalytic studies. The latest work focuses on 12 women's self-narrated sexual histories in the context of post-colonial India from independence in 1947 to the economic liberalization in 1992. It highlights how these historical and cultural factors contributed to the patriarchal control of women's sexuality, shaping their psychological well-being and sexual agency.
Sympathy vs. Agency in Understanding Women's Experiences
The author explores the problematic nature of sympathy in discourse about women's suffering, arguing that it can inadvertently reduce women's identities to that of victims. Sympathy can create a narrative where women's experiences of harm become their primary identity, thus limiting their sexual agency and preventing a fuller exploration of their desires. The book emphasizes the need for a shift in perspective, where discussions around women's sexuality incorporate their agency rather than solely focus on their suffering. This perspective aims to confront and overcome the societal taboos that restrict women's sexual autonomy and development.
The Complexity of Sexual Agency and Superficiality in Identity
The research highlights the importance of understanding the deeper dynamics behind women's expression of agency, noting that external appearances often mask underlying experiences. The distinction between local, traditional values and global, post-sexual revolution ideals complicates the women’s identification with their sexuality. Women may display confidence and autonomy publicly, yet still grapple with internalized cultural norms and expectations around their sexual identity. The book encourages a nuanced understanding of these conflicting influences and how they shape women's realities in navigating their sexual autonomy.
The Role of Fathers in Women's Development of Sexuality
The father-daughter relationship is framed as critical in fostering women's sense of agency and healthy aggression as they grow up. When fathers withdraw at pivotal moments, particularly during puberty, it can create a gap that leads daughters to seek validation from male figures, ultimately compromising their independence. The text discusses how this dynamic can lead to an unhealthy reliance on male affirmation and the potential for distorted notions of sexual desire. However, the evolving role of more engaged fathers in contemporary Indian society offers hope for healthier developmental experiences for future generations.
Amrita Narayanan is a practicing Clinical Psychologist (Psy.D. 2007) and Psychoanalyst (Indian Psychoanalytic Society, 2019). She is the author of Women's Sexuality and Modern India: In a Rapture of Distress (Oxford University Press, 2023). She was the Editor of and essayist in The Parrots of Desire: 3000 years of Erotica in India (Aleph Books, 2018) a collection of poems, short prose and fiction in translation from Indian languages, linked by an introductory essay on the central themes in Indian erotic literature. She was an essayist for Pha(bu)llus: a cultural history of the Phallus (Harper Collins, 2020). Amrita is currently visiting faculty at Ashoka University where she teaches classes at the undergraduate and masters level.
Amrita's research interests are in cultural factors in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, the psychodynamics of women's sexual agency, and how cultural factors shape the aesthetics of women's sexual agency. Her writing has appeared in academic journals such as Psychodynamic Practice and Psychoanalytic Review; newspapers such as The Hindu and The Indian Express; and popular press periodicals such as Outlook, Open Magazine India Today and The Deccan Herald. Amrita has received the Sudhir Kakar Prize for psychoanalytic writing, the Taylor and Francis Prize for Psychoanalytic writing, and the Homi Bhabha Fellowship.
The interviewer is Psychoanalyst and Writer, Ashis Roy, New Delhi.