Is Singing an Evolutionary Accident or a Critical Way to Connect?
Oct 11, 2024
auto_awesome
Allison Parshall, a Scientific American associate news editor and music enthusiast, explores the fascinating evolution of singing. She discusses contrasting theories on whether singing is an evolutionary accident or essential for human connection. Parshall highlights how neuroscience reveals the distinct brain functions for speech and song. The conversation also examines the social power of singing across cultures and an innovative experiment aimed at uncovering how singing fosters emotional connections among individuals.
Singing is believed to have significant evolutionary roots, serving as a fundamental means of social bonding and emotional expression among humans.
Research indicates that singing activates different brain areas compared to speech, highlighting its unique acoustic characteristics and importance in communication.
Deep dives
The Significance of Singing Across Cultures
Humans across the globe consistently engage in singing, a behavior that researchers seek to understand. Recent studies emphasize that this behavior is likely rooted in evolutionary significance rather than being an accidental byproduct of language. Musicologists have collected traditional songs from diverse cultures to explore the social and communicative functions of singing. This research indicates that singing plays a role in social bonding and emotional expression, suggesting that it is a fundamental aspect of human interaction.
Differences Between Singing and Speech
Research has revealed key differences between how humans sing and speak, impacting both their acoustic qualities and the brain's processing of each. Songs typically exhibit slower tempos, higher pitches, and more stable sound production compared to speech, which is more variable and rapid. Studies indicate that the brain processes these two forms of communication differently, with singing relying more on the right hemisphere and temporal aspects of speech on the left. This distinction highlights the specialized nature of musical communication and its importance in human culture.
The Role of Singing in Social Connection
Singing may foster social cohesion and connection among individuals, a hypothesis supported by ongoing research involving diverse groups. Experiments are being designed to assess whether singing together enhances feelings of bonding compared to mere conversation. Preliminary insights suggest that even those with communication difficulties, such as individuals with aphasia, can express themselves through singing, pointing to its therapeutic benefits. While the evolutionary reasons for singing remain speculative, its importance in facilitating social interactions is evident, revealing music's profound impact on human relationships.
Scientific American associate news editor and music enthusiast Allison Parshall takes Science Quickly through what we know about how singing came to be. Scientists aren’t sure why humans evolved to sing, but commonalities in traditional music offer clues to how the practice evolved. Neuroscience shows us where speech and singing live in the brain and what information the forms hold. And an upcoming experiment will look into how singing might make us more connected to one another.
E-mail us at sciencequickly@sciam.com if you have any questions, comments or ideas for stories we should cover!
Discover something new every day: subscribe to Scientific American and sign up for Today in Science, our daily newsletter.
Science Quickly is produced by Rachel Feltman, Fonda Mwangi, Kelso Harper, Madison Goldberg and Jeff DelViscio. This episode was hosted by Rachel Feltman with guest Allison Parshall. Our show is edited by Madison Goldberg with fact-checking by Marielle Issa, Shayna Posses and Aaron Shattuck. The theme music was composed by Dominic Smith.