S5E7: H.R. McMaster on National Security Strategy Making
Jan 7, 2025
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H.R. McMaster, a distinguished military officer and former U.S. National Security Advisor, shares insights from his extensive career in strategy and leadership. He discusses the complex process behind crafting the 2017 National Security Strategy, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and clear communication. McMaster also highlights the evolving challenges of U.S. foreign policy, particularly with China, and the relentless pressure that strategic leaders face. His experiences in navigating bureaucratic dynamics provide a fascinating glimpse into the intricacies of national security.
A successful national security strategy requires a clear definition of desired outcomes and integration of military actions into a sustainable political context.
Effective strategy-making relies on collaboration across government departments and transparency among advisors to foster a unified approach to complex challenges.
Deep dives
Understanding Strategy
Strategy is framed as an understanding of the ends, ways, and means essential for achieving particular objectives. A clear definition of the desired outcome is crucial before determining how to reach that goal. This perspective emphasizes the importance of recognizing the political implications of military actions, suggesting that military operations must ultimately lead to sustainable political results. The balance of military and political strategy reveals that, while the military may achieve decisive victories, lasting success requires integration into a broader political context.
Evolving National Security Strategies
The development of U.S. national security strategies has adapted in response to shifting global dynamics, particularly concerning the balance of power since the Cold War. Acknowledging that historical context matters, the focus has shifted towards contemporary challenges posed, notably by the Chinese Communist Party, which threatens the existing international order. This approach underscores the need for a proactive, integrated strategy that is fundamentally grounded in America's enduring interests. The objective is to craft policies that not only identify these challenges but also actively seek to address them with collaborative efforts among like-minded partners.
Collaborative Policy Making
Successful strategy formulation necessitates fostering collaboration across various governmental departments and with international partners to address complex national security challenges. This involves creating a shared understanding of the national security landscape, grounded in concrete problem statements and an inventory of vital interests. Engaging in collaborative sessions allows diverse perspectives to shape the strategy, ensuring that the final policy reflects a unified approach. The emphasis is on open communication that empowers all participants to contribute actively rather than resulting in bureaucratic inertia.
Managing Interpersonal Dynamics
Interpersonal relationships among advisors and officials play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of national security strategies and decision-making processes. The dynamics within any administration can lead to friction, particularly when personal agendas overshadow collective goals. Transparency and openness are crucial in navigating these challenges, as they foster an environment where diverse viewpoints can be expressed. The effective management of these relationships is essential to mitigating conflicts and harnessing the collective expertise of various stakeholders in crafting national security policy.
H.R. McMaster shares his extensive experience of strategy-making and strategic leadership as a military officer, academic and former United States’ national security advisor.
‘The Iconoclast General’, H.R. McMaster has a distinguished record serving his country. Commissioned from West Point into the armoured cavalry, he retired as a Lieutenant General after thirty-four years’ service, including operational service in Iraq and Afghanistan. His success in fighting counter-insurgency campaigns saw him involved in the development of the United States’ Army and Marine Corps’ counter-insurgency field manual (FM3-24). One of Time Magazine’s 100 most influential people in April 2014, he was described by Lieutenant General (retired) David Barno as ‘the 21st century Army's pre-eminent warrior-thinker’.
Appointed by President Trump, H.R. McMaster served as the 25th National Security Advisor between February 2017 to March 2018. His account of his time in the White House is described with typical balance and candour in At War With Ourselves. Consultation, bringing top leaders together and getting them to thrash out what the problem is and what one should do about it, and then to issue directives to a (sometimes) reluctant bureaucracy, that was his recipe. In this episode, he describes how the National Security Strategy of 2017 was negotiated during his time in office, the methodology, some of its main tenets, and how it was translated into policy making. And how an historical perspective offers lessons and consolation today.
A historian by training, he has a PhD from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on the flaws and inadequacies of U.S. strategy in the Vietnam War, and now lectures at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business. He hosts the podcast series Battlegrounds: Vital Perspectives on Today’s Challenges and is a regular on GoodFellows, both of which are produced by the Hoover Institution. He is a Distinguished University Fellow at Arizona State University.
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