The great abandonment: what happens to the natural world when people disappear?
Feb 3, 2025
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In this discussion, Tess McClure, an environmental writer, delves into the intriguing subject of land abandonment and its impact on nature. She highlights Bulgaria's declining village of Turkmen, reflecting on urbanization and depopulation. Tess explains how ecosystems thrive in abandoned areas, revealing nature's resilience as flora and fauna reclaim urban spaces. She contrasts abandoned landscapes with those maintained by humans, advocating for intentional stewardship over viewing absence as purely beneficial. This exploration reveals the delicate balance between human activity and ecological health.
The abandonment of rural areas like Turkmen illustrates a loss of community life, with significant population decline leaving behind preserved but empty homes.
Ecological research reveals that human absence can provide both opportunities for forest regrowth and challenges from invasive species, complicating rewilding efforts.
Deep dives
Impact of Abandonment on Communities
The phenomenon of abandonment is highlighted through the story of Turkmen, Bulgaria, once a bustling village now reduced to fewer than 200 residents. After the fall of communism, many people migrated to cities for work, leading to the closure of local businesses and schools, leaving only the post office as a vestige of community life. The drastic population decline reflects a broader trend seen in other rural areas, with nearly 300 villages abandoned and over 1,000 having fewer than 30 inhabitants. This has resulted in empty homes remaining preserved in a state of stasis, filled with personal belongings, which symbolizes the loss of vibrant communal life.
Ecological Transformation After Human Departure
The ecological changes occurring in abandoned areas demonstrate a complex interplay between humans and nature, revealing both opportunities and challenges for biodiversity. Ecologist Gergana Daskova's research in abandoned Bulgarian villages suggests significant ecological shifts, such as the potential resurgence of forests contrasted by the threats posed by invasive species. While natural processes, like forests regrowing, seem beneficial, invasive species can dominate and hinder the growth of native biodiversity, leading to environmental degradation. This highlights the idea that human absence can have unforeseen consequences, complicating the broader narrative of rewilding and environmental recovery.
Human Influence and the Future of Abandoned Lands
The ongoing relationship between human presence and ecological health emerges as a crucial factor in managing abandoned lands effectively. Evidence suggests that human activity can help sustain biodiversity, as seen in Turkmen, where local practices have maintained a mosaic of habitats that support various species. Additionally, the potential for industrial exploitation of abandoned areas poses risks to the delicate balance of these ecosystems, making it important for remaining residents to advocate for sustainable practices. Ultimately, the future of these lands requires a reconceptualization of human involvement, suggesting that intentional stewardship can enhance rather than detract from ecological resilience.
Across the globe, vast swathes of land are being left to be reclaimed by nature. To see what could be coming, look to Bulgaria. By Tess McClure. Read by Sara Lynam. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/longreadpod
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