Abdel Razzaq Takriti, an expert on Arab radicalism, discusses the rise of the Palestinian Revolution post-1967 June War. Topics include armed guerrilla struggle, Ba'athist power grabs in Iraq, Libya's Free Officers, and the PLO's founding. The evolution of Fatah, the 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict, and the impact on the Palestinian liberation movement are also explored.
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Quick takeaways
The 1967 Six-Day War shifted the landscape for Palestinian liberation struggles, marking the Naksa and full Israeli occupation of historic Palestine.
FATAH's transition to armed operations from occupied territories intensified resistance efforts, shaping the Palestinian Revolution's trajectory.
The Palestine Liberation Organization's formation in 1964 under Ahmad Shukheri's leadership signaled a pivotal shift towards unified Palestinian representation and armed resistance.
The emergence of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine as a Marxist-Leninist contender depicted a transformative period in Palestinian revolutionary ideologies post-1967.
Women's increased involvement in armed struggle post-1967 challenged traditional gender roles, leading to significant empowerment and inclusion in the Palestinian Revolution.
Ba'ath party's coup in Iraq and Gaddafi's free officer coup in Libya post-1967 altered regional dynamics and influenced Palestinian revolution through strategic shifts and resource allocation.
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Thawara: Arab Revolution Series Overview
Thawara delves into the multifaceted history of Arab politics, highlighting radicalisms and revolts across Arab lands over the past century. From the beginnings of the Palestinian Revolution to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964, the series delves into the complexities of Arab nationalist movements and the quest for Arab unity.
Impact of 1967 Arab-Israeli War on Palestinian Liberation Movements
The 1967 Six-Day War between Israel and Arab states had profound consequences for the Palestinian liberation struggle. Known as the Naksa, it marked the total Israeli occupation of historic Palestine, including East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza. The defeat spurred Palestinian guerrilla organizations like FATAH to intensify armed operations directly from Israeli-occupied territories, igniting the Palestinian Revolution.
Significant Shifts in Political Landscape Post 1967 Arab-Israeli War
The humiliating defeat of Arab states in the 1967 war reshaped the regional balance of power, leading to contradictions and aspirations for liberation movements. For FATAH and other Palestinian guerrilla groups, the occupation of historic Palestine by Israel meant both a setback for Arab states and a catalyst for mobilizing armed resistance from within the occupied territories, ushering in a new era in Palestinian history.
Transformation of Palestinian Liberation Strategies Post 1967
Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War and the total Israeli occupation of historic Palestine, including East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza, Palestinian liberation movements adapted their strategies. FATAH shifted focus to direct armed operations from Israeli-occupied territories, escalating resistance efforts and laying the groundwork for the Palestinian Revolution.
Evolution of Arab Nationalist Movements and PLO Formation
The establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964 underlines a shift in Arab politics towards Palestinian representation and national liberation. Ahmad Shukheri's diplomatic efforts and mobilization of Palestinians culminated in the PLO's formation, paving the way for a strategic consolidation of Palestinian voices and armed resistance against Israeli occupation.
Origins of Palestinian Revolution and PLO Establishment
The genesis of the Palestinian Revolution traces back to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964 and the historical context dominated by Arab states. Ahmad Shukheri's role as the first chairman of the PLO, alongside support from regional allies, laid the foundation for unified Palestinian representation and armed struggle amidst escalating tensions post-1967 Arab-Israeli conflict.
Strategic Importance of PLO Post-1967 Conflict
In the aftermath of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War and the total Israeli occupation of historic Palestine, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) emerged as a crucial entity for Palestinian representation and armed resistance. The PLO's formation under Ahmad Shukheri's leadership symbolized a paradigm shift in Arab politics towards Palestinian liberation, setting the stage for organized efforts against Israeli occupation.
Impact of FATAH during Early Years and Armed Operations
FATAH's early endeavors, founded in 1959, culminated in armed operations from 1965 onwards, targeting incursions into Israeli-conquered territories. Yasser Arafat's vision of an 'Algerian revolution' in Palestine reflected in the launch of guerrilla operations from frontline states, paving the way for a transformative period in Palestinian liberation efforts.
The Evolution of Revolutionary Movements
Different revolutionary movements across the globe have adopted armed struggle as a pivotal approach post-1967, notably marked by the emergence of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) as a significant competitor to FATA. The ideological shift towards Marxism-Leninism within the PFLP underscored a transformative period in Palestinian revolutionary outlook, leading to the party's formation and subsequent internal divisions.
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Tactics and Ideologies in the Palestinian Revolution
The Palestinian revolution navigated complex ideologies and strategies, notably demonstrated by armed tactics such as plane hijackings adopted by the PFLP to raise global awareness and challenge settler colonial narratives. Debates within factions like FATA and DFLP highlighted contrasting views on Jewish-Arab coexistence and the vision of a democratic, secular Palestine, reflecting nuanced approaches to liberation.
The Battle of Karama: Symbolism and Impact
The Battle of Karama in 1968 marked a pivotal moment in the Palestinian revolution, where FATA's resistance strategy against Israeli forces garnered symbolic victory despite significant losses. This event led to a surge in recruits, emphasizing resilience, and growth within FATA, reshaping narratives of defeat and instilling confidence in challenging future confrontations.
Formation of Women's Armed Struggle in the Palestinian Revolution
The late 1960s witnessed a significant rise in women's involvement in armed struggle within the Palestinian Revolution. Mae Sa'igh, a prominent poet, thinker, and writer, transitioned from logistical support roles to actively seeking combat training and fighting opportunities. Initially engaged in tasks like sewing and medical aid, Sa'igh, along with other women, advocated for combat training, challenging traditional gender roles in armed movements. This shift led to a substantial increase in women's participation in Fidai work, marking a pivotal moment in the empowerment and inclusion of women in armed resistance efforts.
Iraqi and Libyan Coups: Impacts on the Palestinian Revolution
In 1968, the Ba'ath party's coup in Iraq under leaders al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein signified a shift towards closer ties with the Soviet Union, altering regional dynamics and relationships with neighboring countries like Syria and Egypt. The coup's aftermath solidified Saddam Hussein's control over security and intelligence organs, consolidating power within Iraq. Conversely, Libya's 1969 free officer coup led by Muammar Gaddafi highlighted social discontent and the failure of the monarchy to establish a unifying national identity, resulting in Gaddafi's unique third world theory ideology and instrumental support for Palestinian factions, impacting the Palestinian revolution through resource allocation and armed group alignments.
Featuring Abdel Razzaq Takriti, this is the FOURTEENTH episode of Thawra (Revolution), our series on Arab radicalism in the 20th century. Today’s installment covers the rise of the Palestinian Revolution and then its explosion after the Arab defeat in the June War of 1967 with Israel. Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation and Palestine, and other factions launched an armed guerrilla struggle against Israel, engaging the Palestinian people in a full-scale mobilization for their liberation. Also: Ba’athists Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein seized power in Iraq, as did Muammar Gaddafi’s Free Officers in Libya.
