Samuel Francis on How Nationalism Killed the Republic | 3/28/25
Mar 28, 2025
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The discussion centers on how nationalism may undermine republican virtues. It explores the tension between centralized authority and individual autonomy throughout American history. Delving into the erosion of republican values, it highlights the need to restore foundational virtues. The concept of middle American nationalism is analyzed, advocating for a unifying identity that addresses cultural and economic concerns. The conversation critiques traditional conservatism and emphasizes the importance of community solidarity to empower neglected citizens.
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Quick takeaways
Nationalism conflicts with republicanism by centralizing power, which undermines local autonomy and the virtues essential for a republic.
The emergence of a managerial state has further consolidated authority, detaching governance from the needs of average Americans and their communities.
Middle American nationalism aims to unite diverse interests while reclaiming cultural identity, challenging elite-driven governance that overlooks their contributions and needs.
Deep dives
The Clash of Nationalism and Republicanism
Nationalism and republicanism have historically been in conflict throughout American history, often viewed as adversaries rather than allies. Nationalism, as described by Samuel Francis, is characterized by a push for centralized government and an emphasis on executive power, which ultimately erodes local autonomy and regional identities. Meanwhile, republicanism, with its roots in the opposition to Hamiltonian ideals, advocates for limited government and local governance, promoting individual independence. This ideological struggle raises important questions about the viability of creating a unified national identity that aligns with republican values.
The Rise of the Managerial State
The managerial state, which began to take shape during the 20th century, represents a shift in governance that has resulted in significant power consolidation within bureaucratic institutions. Events such as the Civil War and the presidencies of Wilson, Roosevelt, and Johnson contributed to the centralization of authority, often at the expense of the traditional republican ideals. This shift has produced a governance system that appears increasingly disconnected from the needs and interests of average Americans. As the state grows more entrenched, the challenge becomes how to dismantle or reshape these structures in a way that serves the populace rather than elite interests.
Middle America as the Core of National Identity
Middle Americans, often depicted derogatorily by political elites, form a crucial demographic central to both American identity and the nation’s political stability. Despite being marginalized by the ruling class and facing economic insecurity, this group has historically contributed significantly to national labor and culture. Their dependence on the very structures that exploit them highlights the contradictions of current governance, where their needs are systematically overlooked. Recognizing this group as pivotal could pave the way for a populist nationalism that prioritizes their interests and defends their cultural identity.
A New Form of Nationalism
The evolution of nationalism is necessary to unify diverse interests while addressing the material and cultural needs of Middle America. Samuel Francis argues that a new nationalism should prioritize middle American identity and values, merging practical concerns with a sense of cultural belonging. This form of nationalism must reject the old Hamiltonian tendencies that foster individualism at the expense of community ties. By embracing a collective identity that galvanizes shared interests, this new approach can work against the alienation caused by the existing managerial regime.
The Challenge of Cultural and Political Power
Middle American nationalism must navigate both cultural and political realms to effectively challenge the current elite-driven system. It requires a comprehensive agenda that consolidates power while dismantling institutions that do not serve its interests, which may include significant reforms or abolitions of certain governmental departments. The need to reclaim cultural power is paramount as it shapes public perception and societal norms. Only through a cohesive identity and a shared vision can middle America hope to counter the divisive forces threatening their existence and restore a sense of agency in the political landscape.
Does the process of building a larger centralized national identity destroy the virtues that enable the formation of a republic? Is nationalism the correct vehicle for the concerns of middle-class Americans despite its contradictions? We'll be reading Samuel Francis' essay "Nationalism, Old and New" and seeing how it applies to the modern-day America First movement.
