From Word to Silence: The Rise of the Apophatic in Late Antiquity
Jun 27, 2020
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Explore the rise of apophatic language and the challenge of expressing the highest reality in words. Delve into the concept of ineffability, the influence of Platonist philosophers, and the development of apophatic language in late antiquity. Discover the mutual influence of philosophy and religion, and the increasing prevalence of the apophatic approach as a supreme strategy of esoteric discourse.
Apophatic language emerged in late antiquity as a means to express the ineffable and transcendental nature of the highest reality that surpasses human understanding and language's capacity to articulate it.
The development and use of apophatic language reflect a rational acknowledgement of the limitations of human language in accurately describing the true nature of reality, leading to a performative approach that involves making statements about the ineffable and then deconstructing them, revealing the inherent paradoxes and limitations of language itself.
Deep dives
Apophatic Language: Unsaying the Higher Reality
Apophatic language, the unsaying of higher reality, is a significant and intriguing element in Western Esotericism. Apophasis refers to the practice of negative theology, where God or the first principle transcends human thought and language. Apophatic philosophers make negative statements about this reality, denying even the denials. In this episode, the focus is on the historical development of apophatic language in late antiquity and its connection to esotericism. The rise of apophatic language reflects a rational conclusion that human language has limits in accurately describing the true nature of reality. This language of unsaying becomes a performative act of writing or speech, involving assertions that are then deconstructed, revealing the inherent paradoxes and limitations of language in expressing the ineffable.
Apophatic Language as Performative Esotericism
Apophatic language is a form of performative esotericism, where statements are made and then undermined or questioned. It represents a way of expressing the inability to fully articulate and comprehend the highest reality. The esoteric nature of apophatic language lies in its performative aspect, where it presents the idea of a higher truth that cannot be fully revealed or expressed. This form of discourse can involve deliberate hiding or scattering of knowledge, giving the impression of secrecy or exclusivity, even if there is no actual secret involved. Apophatic language exemplifies an esoteric approach to communication, emphasizing the limitations of language and the need for alternative forms of knowing and understanding.
Historical Development of Apophatic Language
The development of apophatic language can be traced back to Hellenic thinkers who questioned whether reality could be accurately described by human language. Middle Platonism and neo-Pythagoreanism played key roles in the emergence of apophatic language, denying attributes and confining themselves to negative descriptions of the highest reality. Over time, this approach became more fundamental, leading to philosophers like Plotinus engaging in rigorous deconstruction of their own statements about the one. Apophatic language progressively gained prominence in late antiquity, influencing religious traditions like Gnosticism and Christian mysticism. The rise of apophatic language reflected a logical conclusion that language had limitations in capturing the transcendence of the highest reality.
The Significance of Apophatic Language in Esotericism
Apophatic language holds great significance in esotericism as a way of grappling with the ineffable and unsayable aspects of reality. It serves as a tool for expressing the transcendence of the highest reality that surpasses human comprehension and language's capacity to convey it. Apophatic language involves a dynamic interplay between cataphatic theology, which involves positive statements, and apophatic theology, which emphasizes negation and denial. It represents a performative expression of the esoteric, presenting the idea of a higher truth that evades full articulation and requires alternative means of access, such as higher states of consciousness or mystical experiences. Apophatic language stands as a defining feature of Western theological traditions, reflecting an ongoing quest to approach the mysteries beyond the limits of language.
As antiquity progressed, certain esoteric religious thinkers and philosophers came increasingly to doubt whether the nature of the highest reality could be expressed in words. They developed a new form of language to deal with the problem of talking about the ineffable: apophasis. We discuss speaking the silence in late antiquity.
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