011 Q&R! Tackling Tough Book of Mormon Translation Questions
May 16, 2023
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In this discussion, Dr. Michael Hubbard McKay, an Associate Professor at Brigham Young University and expert on Latter-day Saint scripture, dives deep into the complexities of the Book of Mormon's translation. He unpacks Joseph Smith's use of seer stones, comparing sacred and secular interpretations. The conversation touches on why Smith made changes in later editions, the nuances of tight versus loose translation, and the cultural significance of these methods in both his time and today. A thought-provoking exploration for any history enthusiast!
Joseph Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon prompts debate over its classification, highlighting the nuances between tight and loose translation methods.
The historical context of seer stones in New England illustrates their esoteric use and decline, emphasizing Joseph's prophetic engagement with divine revelation.
Deep dives
The Nature of Translation
The process by which Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon raises intriguing questions about the concept of translation itself. Joseph's inability to read the original language on the plates leads to debates whether his work should be classified as a tight or loose translation, or something entirely different. Despite making changes to the text in subsequent editions, it remains essential to understand that these adjustments were probably influenced by Joseph's evolving understanding of the text and its meaning, rather than indicative of error in the initial translation. This complexity invites further examination of the relationship between divine inspiration and translation practices, highlighting how Joseph's prophetic role shaped the text's development.
Cultural Context of Seer Stones
Seer stones were a common phenomenon in Joseph Smith's New England culture, although their use was largely esoteric and not widespread among influential civic leaders. The podcast discusses how while some individuals in Joseph's local environment engaged in practices like water witching, the overall perception of seer stones was not mainstream, even within the church. As secularism rose in the 19th century, the practice diminished in both society and religious contexts, culminating in a decline in seer stone usage among church members. Despite this, the miraculous nature of their utilization in translation presents a compelling narrative that corresponds to the broader themes of divine intervention in restoring religious truths.
Joseph Smith's Prophetic Authority
Joseph Smith's revisions of the Book of Mormon during the 1837 and 1840 editions suggest a confidence in his role as a prophet, empowered to correct and refine inspired texts. These updates were not merely grammatical or clarifying but reflected Joseph's deeper engagement with the divine messages contained in the scripture. The belief that he could make changes under divine inspiration implies a dynamic relationship between revelation and textual development, one which Joseph felt justified in navigating. This revision process enhances the understanding of the Book of Mormon as a living document, shaped by a prophetic authority that aimed to communicate essential truths more clearly to its readers.
Historical Evidence and Belief
The podcast explores the varying historical interpretations surrounding the translation process and Joseph Smith's prophetic mission, emphasizing the significance of primary witnesses such as Emma Smith, Martin Harris, and Oliver Cowdery. These individuals not only observed the translation process but also contributed to constructing the narrative that frames the miraculous nature of the Book of Mormon's emergence. Understanding the role of these witnesses provides greater context to Joseph's claims and reinforces the authenticity of his prophetic calling. Ultimately, the discussions highlight that belief in Joseph Smith and the restoration stem from both personal experiences and community frameworks that have been developed in the transformative wake of his revelations.
The more carefully one studies the production process of the Book of Mormon, the more interesting the questions become. For example, since Joseph Smith never could read the original base language engraven on the plates, what did he mean when he said he “translated” the Book of Mormon? And was his translation best characterized as a “tight” translation, a “loose” translation, or something else entirely? And if the Book of Mormon was translated correctly the first time, why did Joseph Smith make changes and adjustments to the text for subsequent editions years later? Also, did Joseph translate with one seer stone or two? And just how common was seer stone use in New England in Joseph Smith’s day? And when did their use die off in both US and Church culture?
In this episode of Church History Matters Scott and Casey sit down with Dr. Michael MacKay, one of the world’s foremost scholars on Seer Stones and the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, to discuss these and other great questions.