Dr. Jonathan Schanzer, senior vice president of research at Foundation for Defense of Democracies, talks about the origin story of Hamas, Hezbollah's involvement in spreading Islamism, and Iran's aggressive influence in an already fragile region.
Iran has been providing significant support to Hamas and Hezbollah, including funding, arms, and training, raising concerns about the escalation of conflict and the potential for a multi-front war.
Hamas gained popularity by presenting itself as a clean and corruption-free alternative to the Palestinian Authority, but its subsequent actions, including attacks on Israel, raise questions about its legitimacy as a governing body and erosion of morality and ethics.
Deep dives
The Influence of Iran in Supporting Hamas and Hezbollah
Iran has been providing funding, arms, training, and technical assistance to Hamas since the early 1990s. The support is driven by the shared goal of destroying Israel and the US-led world order. Hezbollah, on the other hand, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Iran and receives around $800 million annually, along with advanced weaponry. The close relationship between Iran and these organizations raises concerns about the escalation of conflict and the potential for a multi-front war.
Hamas's Rise to Power and Its Appeal to Palestinians
Hamas emerged in 1988 and gained popularity by presenting itself as a clean and corruption-free alternative to the Palestinian Authority. While the international community backed the Palestinian Authority, Hamas presented itself as a provider of essential services, such as schools and hospitals, using its own funding. The 2006 election victory by Hamas led to a political crisis, as it was deemed a U.S.-designated terrorist organization. However, its subsequent actions, including suicide bombings and attacks on Israel, raise questions about its legitimacy as a governing body.
Terror Financing and the Strategies of Hamas
Hamas uses various strategies for terror financing, including bulk cash smuggling, trade-based money laundering, and illicit finance through precious metals. While intelligence work is needed to detect these activities, Hamas has also employed individuals who engage in creative tactics, such as taking out large loans they never intend to repay, or renting out properties to channel funds to terrorist groups. These financing methods are designed to blind officials and support Hamas's violent activities.
The Ideology and Tactics of Hamas
Hamas's ideology combines Palestinian nationalism and Islamism, making it a powerful and resilient force. Its use of suicide bombings, taught by Hezbollah in Lebanon, has been a brutal tactic employed to undermine peace processes and provoke fear. The appeal of radical Islamism can stem from disillusionment with secular projects and the promise of a transcendent experience through violent extremism. However, the widespread support for Hamas and its violent methods raises concerns about the erosion of morality and ethics.
Hamas, Hezbollah, and the startling growth of Middle East terrorism:
In this special episode of The Bulletin, host Mike Cosper sits down with senior vice president of research at Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Dr. Jonathan Schanzer, to talk about the terrorist backstory of the Israel-Hamas conflict. Peeling back the layers of history, Cosper and Schanzer discuss the origin story of Hamas, Hezbollah’s involvement in spreading Islamism, and Iran’s aggressive influence in an already fragile region.