#345 - How Culture Creates Emotions: A Dialogue with Batja Mesquita
May 27, 2024
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Batja Mesquita, a social psychologist, discusses how culture influences emotions with Xavier Bonilla. They cover the distinctions between emotions, universalist vs. social constructionist theories, expression of emotions, shame across cultures, and emotional acculturation to new environments. Mesquita's expertise in cultural psychology sheds light on diverse emotional experiences and the impact of cultural norms on emotional expressions.
Cultural context influences emotional experiences, emphasizing relationships and status over individual feelings.
Regulation of emotions varies across cultures, with Western focus on individual expression contrasting with social frameworks in other cultures.
Emotions are culturally diverse, with interpretations and manifestations varying, reflecting unique psychological landscapes and societal norms.
Deep dives
Differences in Emotions Cross-Culturally
Emotions and their expressions vary across cultures, revealing the importance of context and relationships in understanding emotional experiences. Cultural influences shape how emotions are perceived and experienced, with Western cultures often emphasizing individual feelings, while other cultures prioritize the impact of emotions on social relationships and status. For example, pride among individuals from different cultures may revolve more around social approval and status changes rather than just personal achievement, illustrating how cultural contexts play a significant role in shaping emotional experiences.
Regulation and Perception of Emotions
Cultural differences also influence how emotions are regulated and perceived. Western societies often focus on the individual expression and release of emotions, whereas other cultures, such as Japanese, consider emotional regulation within social frameworks. This variation impacts how emotions are managed and understood within different cultural contexts, highlighting the underlying cultural norms and values that shape emotional responses and behaviors.
Diverse Emotional Experiences
Emotions are not universal across all cultures, demonstrating that different cultural backgrounds can influence how emotions are experienced, expressed, and understood. While core emotions like pride and shame exist across cultures, their interpretations and manifestations can vary significantly, reflecting the diverse psychological landscapes of different societies. The Western concept of emotions as primarily individual experiences contrasts with the emphasis on social relationships and external impacts seen in various non-Western cultures.
Evolution of Emotional Psychology
The evolution of emotional psychology has been shaped by historical, social, and cultural factors, leading to diverse approaches to understanding and expressing emotions. From a historical perspective, the importance of subjective experiences and feelings has increased over time, influenced by societal changes and advancements in living conditions. This evolution suggests that emotions and their interpretations are not fixed but dynamic constructs that reflect the broader cultural and historical contexts in which they arise.
The cultural variations in understanding emotions
Cultures vary in the way emotions are perceived and expressed. While Western cultures often prioritize individual feelings and choices, many other cultures have tighter norms that define emotional responses. In such cultures, emotions are situationally determined, reducing the need for individual introspection. Additionally, the concept of shame exemplifies how cultural perspectives differ, with some cultures valuing shame as a social awareness tool to maintain norms and prevent rejection.
Emotional acculturation across cultures
Navigating emotional differences between cultures requires humility, openness, and curiosity. People from different cultural backgrounds may interpret and express emotions in unique ways, influencing interpersonal interactions. To bridge these gaps, individuals should acknowledge and respect cultural nuances, seek to understand individual experiences without making assumptions, and strive to find common ground that accommodates diverse emotional needs and perspectives.
In this episode, Xavier Bonilla has a dialogue with Batja Mesquita about the impact of culture on emotions. The discuss the distinctions between emotions, feelings, and affect, universalist vs. social constructionist theories, and the expression of emotions. They discuss the MINE vs. OURS framework, emotions in other cultures, shame and how it presents differently in other countries, emotionally acculturating to a new environment, and many other topics.
Batja Mesqutia is a is a social psychologist, an affective scientist, and a pioneer of cultural psychology. She is a professor of psychology at the University of Leuven, Belgium, and director of the Center for Social and Cultural Psychology at the University of Leuven. Previously, she was affiliated to Wake Forest University, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, and the University of Amsterdam. Mesquita is one of the world’s leading authorities on the psychological study of cultural differences in emotions. Her most recent research focuses on the role of emotions in multicultural societies. She studies how emotions affect the belonging of minorities in middle schools, and the social and economic integration of “newcomers” (i.e. newly arrived immigrants). She has been a consultant for UNICEF and the WHO, and most recently, she was a member of the core group of scientific advisors for the Happiness and Well-being (SEH) Project, and initiative of the Vatican in partnership with the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). She is the author of the book, Between Us: How Cultures Create Emotions.