Selects: What exactly is stoicism?

The Enchiridion, or Handbook, is a concise manual of practical ethics by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus. Compiled by his student Arrian around 135 AD, it summarizes Epictetus's teachings on how to achieve inner peace and live in accordance with nature. The text emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between what is within our control (thoughts, attitudes, and intentions) and what is not (external events, possessions, and the actions of others). By focusing on virtue and accepting what we cannot change, Epictetus argues that we can attain tranquility and freedom from suffering. The Enchiridion remains a valuable guide to Stoic philosophy, offering timeless wisdom for navigating life's challenges with reason and resilience.

In 'Courage Under Fire', James B. Stockdale recounts his harrowing experiences as a prisoner of war in Vietnam and how the teachings of Epictetus, as outlined in 'The Enchiridion', provided him with the strength to endure torture and isolation. The book explores the power of Stoic philosophy in the face of extreme adversity.

Published in 1776, 'The Wealth of Nations' is Adam Smith's magnum opus that laid the groundwork for modern economics. The book critiques mercantilist economic theories and introduces the concept of the 'invisible hand,' which describes how individual self-interest leads to societal benefit. It emphasizes the division of labor, the accumulation of capital, and the importance of free markets. Smith argues that a nation's wealth is not measured by its gold and silver reserves but by the stream of goods and services it produces. The book also outlines the core functions of government, such as maintaining defense, enforcing civil law, and promoting education, while advocating for limited government intervention in market activities.