Explaining the FTC’s Nationwide Ban on Non-Competes
May 22, 2024
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Kimberly Carson, Partner in Quinn Emanuel’s New York Office, discusses the FTC's nationwide ban on non-compete agreements, exceptions to the rule, legal challenges, and alternative measures for employers to protect their interests, including trade secret litigation and fixed-duration contracts.
FTC bans nationwide non-compete agreements, exceptions for senior executives and business sales.
Legal challenges against FTC rule claim overreach, lack of evidence, and retroactivity.
Deep dives
FTC's Nationwide Ban on Non-Competition Agreements
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has announced a rule banning nationwide non-competition agreements. This rule prohibits employers from enforcing existing non-competes, entering into new non-competes, or claiming that workers are subject to non-compete clauses.
Challenges to the FTC Rule
Several legal challenges have been made against the FTC's rule on non-competition agreements. Lawsuits, including those by the US Chamber of Commerce and other companies, argue that the rule exceeds the commission's authority, is retroactive, and lacks sufficient evidence to support its basis. The courts are expected to rule on these challenges before the scheduled effective date of September 4, 2024.
Exceptions and Legal Implications
The FTC's rule includes exceptions for senior executives with existing non-competes, non-competes related to business sales, existing legal claims predating the rule, and good faith mistakes. The rule may lead to an increase in trade secret litigation and a shift towards contractual provisions like garden leave clauses. Employers are advised to consult legal counsel to understand the rule's implications and prepare for compliance by September 2024.
John is joined by Kimberly Carson, Partner in Quinn Emanuel’s New York Office. They discuss the FTC’s recent rule banning contractual noncompete provisions in employment agreements nationwide. Kimberly explains that the new rule bans employers from enforcing existing noncompete provisions, entering new noncompete provisions, and representing that workers are subject to noncompete provisions. She also explains the exceptions to the new rule for existing noncompete provisions with senior executives who have final authority to make significant policy decisions, non-competes connected to the bona fide sale of a business, claims that have already accrued, and good faith mistakes about the applicability of the new rule. John and Kimberly also discuss the lawsuits that have been filed challenging the FTC’s new rule contending that the ban exceeds the FTC’s statutory authority, is impermissibly retroactive, and is supported by limited evidence and a flawed cost/benefit analysis. The court hearing these challenges has indicated it intends to rule on a preliminary injunction motion on July 3, 2024, before the rule would go into effect on September 3, 2024. Finally, they discuss some other avenues, other than non-competes, that companies have to protect their goodwill, trade secrets and investments including trade secret litigation, fixed duration contracts, provisions requiring employees to repay bonuses if they leave a company within a certain time, and “garden leave” provisions under which employees stay on the company payroll and are still subject to contractual and fiduciary duties for a time period after they are fired or resign.