With the way cleared by the Battle of Rathmines, Oliver Cromwell marches on Drogheda. The Royalist Governor Arthur Aston refuses to surrender, and Cromwell's guns break the walls. The New Model Army floods inside, and Cromwell forbids any mercy.

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For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:

• John Cunningham, ‘Politics, 1641-1660’, Cambridge History of Ireland
• Antonia Fraser, Cromwell: Our Chief of Men
• Elaine Murphy, Micheál Ó Siochrú, Jason Peacey, John Morril, eds. The Letters, Writings, and Speeches of Oliver Crmwell: Volume II, 2022.
• David Edwards, ‘Political Change and Social Transformation, 1603-1641’, Cambridge History of Ireland
• Ian Gentles, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652
• John Jeremiah Cronin and Padraig Lenihan, ‘Wars of Religion, 1641-1691’, Cambridge History of Ireland
• Patrick Little, Lord Broghill and the Cromwellian Union with Ireland and Scotland, 2004
• Nick Lipscombe, The English Civil War: An Atlas and Concise History of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1639-51
• Micheál Ó Siochrú, (ed.) Kingdoms in Crisis: Ireland in the 1640s, 2000
• Micheál Ó Siochrú, Confederate Ireland, 1642-1649, 1999
• Micheál Ó Siochrú, God’s Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland
• Pádraig Lenihan, Confederate Catholics at War, 1641-49, 2001
• Pádraig Lenihan, 'Siege Massacres in Ireland: Drogheda in Context', in Martyn Bennett, Raymond Gillespie, and Scott Spurlock (eds), Cromwell and Ireland: New Perspectives
• Wheeler, James Scott, 'Ormond and Cromwell: The Struggle for Ireland', in Martyn Bennett, Raymond Gillespie, and Scott Spurlock (eds), Cromwell and Ireland: New Perspectives
• Martyn Bennett, ‘God’s Wall of Brass: Cromwell’s Generals in Ireland, 1649-1650’ in Martyn Bennett, Raymond Gillespie, and Scott Spurlock (eds), Cromwell and Ireland: New Perspectives
• Derek Hirst, ‘Security and Reform in England’s Other Nations, 1649-1658’, in Michael J. Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution

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