Ulises Ali Mejias and Nick Couldry, "Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back" (U Chicago Press, 2024)
Dec 21, 2024
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Ulises Mejias is a communication studies professor at SUNY Oswego, while Nick Couldry teaches at LSE and Harvard. They discuss how Big Tech's data practices resemble modern colonialism, with personal data being exploited for profit. The duo highlights the ethical challenges of data collection and its impact on marginalized communities. They delve into the gig economy's complexities and critique AI's influence on labor. Mejias and Couldry also propose strategies for resisting corporate dominance and empowering grassroots movements against data colonialism.
Data colonialism operates through the extensive extraction of personal data by Big Tech, which perpetuates social control and exploitation for profit.
The 'four X's' framework—explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate—illustrates how current data practices mirror historic colonial strategies of exploitation.
Resisting data colonialism involves multi-faceted strategies that combine regulatory advocacy, community-focused data interactions, and lessons from past decolonial movements.
Deep dives
The Impact of Data Colonialism
Data colonialism entails the extensive collection of personal data by large technology companies through various means, including social media, online shopping, and devices connected to the Internet of Things. This collection is not merely incidental; it is part of a systematic effort to extract and exploit individuals’ data for corporate profitability and social control. For example, data collected from vehicles is often shared with insurance companies, which may lead to punitive actions against drivers based on algorithms that assess their behavior without their consent. The far-reaching consequences of this data collection extend to multiple facets of life, including access to essential services, insurance rates, and even life-or-death situations in healthcare contexts.
The Four X's of Colonialism
The authors introduce the concept of the 'four X's'—explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate—as a framework for understanding data colonialism. This framework parallels historic colonial strategies, illustrating how current data practices replicate patterns of exploration and exploitation established centuries ago. For instance, tech companies 'explore' data territories by gathering information and 'expand' their reach by integrating their services across various sectors, from education to healthcare. Ultimately, this exploitation cultivates a system where disappearing alternative modes of living, or 'extermination', reinforces a technologically driven model of existence that diminishes diversity and agency.
Data Territories and Labor Dynamics
Data territories refer to the digital spaces controlled by tech companies, where user actions are closely monitored and commodified. Workers within these territories, particularly in the gig economy, face unprecedented levels of surveillance and control, which not only affects their working conditions but also their economic stability. For example, gig platforms like Uber and Lyft capture extensive data about drivers, tracking performance metrics while siphoning off a significant portion of their earnings through service fees. This digital management diminishes the workers' autonomy, placing immense power in the hands of distant tech owners who benefit financially from these data territories.
Education in the Age of Data Colonialism
Educational settings have become significant arenas for data colonialism, where student performance and personal data are harvested through educational technology tools. Innovative systems meant to enhance learning can inadvertently create environments where academic integrity and knowledge retention are compromised, especially with the rise of AI tools like ChatGPT. These technologies present risks of over-reliance, where students may opt for convenience over thorough engagement with learning materials. The commodification of education through data collection contributes to a landscape that prioritizes operational efficiencies over meaningful education, raising alarms about the future of learning and knowledge acquisition.
Resistance and Imagining Alternatives
Resisting data colonialism requires a multi-faceted approach that incorporates imaginative thinking about alternative futures. Activists suggest working within, against, and beyond the existing systems to enact meaningful resistance against corporate data control. This involves advocating for regulatory changes, organizing protests, and envisioning new ways of interacting with data that prioritize communities over profits. Furthermore, drawing inspiration from the experiences of past decolonial movements can guide today's efforts to create equitable technological landscapes that respect individual rights and agency.
In the present day, Big Tech is extracting resources from us, transferring and centralizing resources from people to companies. These companies are grabbing our most basic natural resources--our data--exploiting our labor and connections, and repackaging our information to control our views, track our movements, record our conversations, and discriminate against us. These companies tell us this is for our own good, to build innovation and develop new technology. But in fact, every time we unthinkingly click "Accept" on a set of Terms and Conditions, we allow our most personal information to be kept indefinitely, repackaged by companies to control and exploit us for their own profit.
In Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back (The University of Chicago Press, 2024), Ulises Mejias and Nick Couldry explain why postindustrial capitalism cannot be understood without colonialism, and why race is a critical factor in who benefits from data colonialism, just as it was for historic colonialism. In this searing, cutting-edge guide, Mejias and Couldry explore the concept of data colonialism, revealing how history can help us understand the emerging future--and how we can fight back.
Mention in this episode: Tierra Comun (English Version)
Ulises A. Mejias is professor of communication studies at the State University of New York at Oswego.
Nick Couldry is professor of media, communications, and social theory at the London School of Economics and Political Science and faculty associate at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society.
Dr. Michael LaMagna is the Information Literacy Program & Library Services Coordinator and Professor of Library Services at Delaware County Community College.