ID:IOTS - Infectious Disease Insight Of Two Specialists 2: Streptococci demystified
Aug 4, 2021
Dive into the fascinating world of streptococci, a group of bacteria known for their unique chain formations. Discover the complexities of their classification and the role of microbiomes in health. Learn about the infections caused by these bacteria, including pneumonia and scarlet fever, as well as their implications for vulnerable populations, particularly during pregnancy. Highlighted are the challenges and strategies in antibiotic treatment, including the pressing concern of antibiotic resistance and alternative therapies.
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How Streptococci Are Classified
- Streptococci are gram-positive cocci that grow in chains or pairs and are catalase negative.
- Labs classify them first by hemolysis on blood agar and then by Lancefield grouping when applicable.
Alpha Hemolysis And Optochin Use
- Alpha hemolysis yields green colonies and divides into Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci.
- Optochin sensitivity helps distinguish S. pneumoniae from other alpha-hemolytic species in sputum samples.
Use Penicillins For Pneumococcal Disease
- Treat most Streptococcus pneumoniae infections with beta-lactams like amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin where local resistance is low.
- Consider alternative agents and broader coverage if the patient has traveled to areas with high penicillin resistance.