Overview of STAT3 Function and Complexity

STAT3 is a central molecule in various pathways, exhibiting a dual role in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Its complexity stems from modulating a wide range of activities, including interferon gamma and suppressors of cytokine signaling. This complexity made identifying STAT3 challenging. Mutations in STAT3 manifest as dominant negative, haploinsufficiency, and gain of function types, each leading to different clinical phenotypes and impacts on immune responses.