Chasing Shadows Chasing Shadows Chapter 6 The Grapes of Wrath
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Jan 16, 2024 
In this engaging discussion, historian Stuart Wexler, author of "America's Secret Jihad," delves into the turbulent landscape of the 1960s. He examines the escalating violence from the Klan and the Christian Identity Movement, prompting Black communities to consider armed self-defense. Wexler offers insights into Malcolm X's evolution, the radicalization of Black activism via figures like Stokely Carmichael, and the rise of the Black Panthers who addressed systemic issues through communities. The conversation also touches on the impact of police brutality and economic decline on urban unrest.
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Militant Message Resonated Amid Escalating Violence
- Malcolm X's rise reframed resistance as "by any means necessary," making violent self-defense a compelling alternative to nonviolence.
- This message resonated as white supremacist violence escalated and nonviolence appeared tactically insufficient.
Legislation Left Northern Grievances Unaddressed
- The Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts helped Southern Black voters but did little for Northern de facto segregation.
- Economic harms like redlining and police brutality created a tinderbox outside the South.
SNCC Retreat Attacked During Freedom Summer
- SNCC staffers faced violent drive-by attacks during Freedom Summer 1964 in Mississippi that catalyzed radicalization.
- Events like that pushed SNCC away from nonviolence toward Black Power and militancy.
