
LessWrong (Curated & Popular) “Unexpected Things that are People” by Ben Goldhaber
Nov 9, 2025
Join writer and commentator Ben Goldhaber as he explores the intriguing concept of legal personhood for non-human entities. He delves into why ships are treated as defendants in maritime law, allowing them to be seized when owners are absent. Goldhaber also discusses the revolutionary Whanganui River Act in New Zealand, granting legal status to a river, and the complex legal battles surrounding Hindu deities' rights as juristic persons, including the landmark Ayodhya case. Prepare for a fascinating dive into the quirky world of legal personhood!
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Ships Can Be Legal Persons
- Medieval and modern admiralty law treat ships as legal persons so the vessel itself can be sued or seized when owners are unreachable.
- Salvage law rewards rescuers under a "no cure, no pay" principle and uses Lloyd's open form or maritime courts to set compensation.
Whanganui River Given Legal Personhood
- New Zealand's Te Awa Tupua Act granted the Whanganui River legal personhood with custodians to represent it.
- The government also provided restoration funds and a corpus to advance the river's interests.
Legal Personhood Can Reify Spiritual Entities
- The Act frames the river as an "indivisible and living whole" with physical and metaphysical elements, blending legal and spiritual recognition.
- Parliament treated the river almost like a deity and ensured it must register for charitable status and answer to regulators.


