Don Carson, co-founder of the Gospel Coalition, discusses the foundational role of covenants in the Bible. He highlights the significance of key covenants like the Noahic and Abrahamic, illustrating their impact on humanity's relationship with God. The conversation explores the transition from the Sinai covenant to the Davidic covenant, leading to the New Covenant in Christ. Carson emphasizes how these covenants shape our understanding of salvation, grace, and the concept of baptism as a unifying seal.
Covenants throughout the Scripture illustrate God's evolving relationship with humanity, bridging the Old and New Testaments as a unified narrative.
The New Covenant, mediated by Jesus, signifies a transformative salvation that sums up and fulfills the promises of previous covenants.
Deep dives
Understanding Covenants in Scripture
Covenants serve as a foundational framework for understanding the Bible's overarching narrative, providing a structure that links the Old and New Testaments. The terms 'Old Covenant' and 'New Covenant' can be more accurately understood as the two primary covenants that shape the biblical text, illustrating God's relationship with humanity. Early Genesis introduces concepts related to covenant, such as the implicit 'covenant of works' in the Garden of Eden, where human obedience is linked to divine blessings and protection. This notion of covenant progression continues through pivotal figures like Noah and Abraham, whose agreements with God foreshadow deeper theological themes in the unfolding biblical story.
Key Covenants and Their Significance
The Noahic Covenant marks a crucial moment in which God promises never to destroy the earth by flood again, symbolized through the rainbow. Following this, the Abrahamic Covenant establishes a complex promise of blessing that extends to all nations through Abraham's faith and obedience, despite the term 'covenant' not explicitly being used until later narratives. Abraham's narrative includes pivotal moments such as the covenant's formal establishment in Genesis 15, where God takes on the burden of the covenant's consequences, exemplifying divine grace and faithfulness. This covenantal theme extends through subsequent covenants, including those made at Sinai with Moses and later with David, all of which highlight the importance of obedience and the promise of future redemption.
Transition to the New Covenant
The promise of a New Covenant, as indicated by prophetic texts in Jeremiah and Ezekiel, signifies a transition point that reflects a change from the Old Covenant's stipulations to a new relationship established through Christ. This New Covenant is explicitly articulated in the New Testament, notably during the Last Supper where Jesus redefines the significance of the covenant through His blood, indicating a transformative approach to salvation. As the mediator of this New Covenant, Jesus offers a complete sacrifice that does not require repetition, drawing links back to the previous covenants while fulfilling their ultimate purpose. The tensions between continuity and discontinuity between the old and new covenants are essential for understanding the Christian faith as an ongoing narrative culminating in the new heavens and new earth.