

Pope Francis, Peacemaker or Appeaser? (Connor Echols & Michael Brendan Dougherty)
Apr 26, 2025
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Pope Francis' Mixed Foreign Policy
- Pope Francis had a mixed foreign policy record, advocating peace and criticizing militarism and arms industries.
- He used highly moralized language condemning Russia's war on Ukraine and sought peaceful resolutions.
Geographical Shift Influences Vatican Diplomacy
- Catholicism's center of gravity shifted from Europe to Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa.
- This diversification influenced Vatican diplomacy, promoting dialogue even with adversarial states like Russia and China.
Vatican-China Deal Challenges Church
- The Vatican's deal with China is controversial, potentially compromising both the underground and official churches.
- China’s surveillance state complicates Vatican diplomacy and freedom to appoint bishops.