Platon et la politique : Le dernier Platon, moins hostile à la démocratie ?

In 'Critique de la raison pure', Kant examines and confronts the possibilities and limits of reason and metaphysics. He argues that our knowledge of the world is derived through two capacities: sensibility and understanding. Kant emphasizes that reason faces strict limits and cannot provide knowledge of God, the soul, or a world beyond the senses. He introduces the concept of a 'Copernican revolution' in philosophy, suggesting that objects conform to the mind's a priori principles rather than the mind conforming to objects. The book is divided into sections that discuss theoretical reason, the limits of reason, and the transcendental dialectic, which critiques attempts to apply reason beyond sensory experience.

In 'La République,' Plato, through the character of Socrates, addresses two central questions: 'what is justice? ' and 'is the just person happier than the unjust person? ' The dialogue constructs a just city in speech to examine these questions, discussing the origins of political life, the virtues of the city (wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice), and the analogy between the city and the individual soul. The work is a comprehensive exploration of ethical and political philosophy, focusing on the ideal state and the just life.