Discover the incredible journey of Stonehenge's Altar Stone, traced back to Northern Scotland, over 600 miles away. Recent analyses unveil that ancient Britons may have transported it from afar, challenging previous beliefs. The podcast also delves into revolutionary methods in chemistry, including breaking selenium-selenium bonds unevenly and innovative approaches for targeted molecular synthesis. These discussions highlight the intersection of archaeology and modern science, paving the way for exciting future discoveries.
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Quick takeaways
Recent research reveals Stonehenge's Altar Stone originated from Northern Scotland, challenging prior beliefs about its Welsh roots, thus enhancing our understanding of ancient transportation methods.
A new chemistry breakthrough demonstrates a method for unevenly breaking selenium-selenium bonds, potentially revolutionizing the synthesis of new chemical compounds and processes.
Deep dives
The Mystery of the Altar Stone at Stonehenge
Stonehenge's Altar Stone is a significant archaeological enigma, having been transported from North East Scotland to Salisbury Plain over 4,000 years ago. Recent research indicates its origin from the Orkadian Basin, challenging previous beliefs that it originated from areas like the Preseli Hills in Wales. Detailed geological analyses compared the unique composition of the Altar Stone to rocks across the UK, ultimately pointing to its Scottish roots, but revealing much more about the movement and connections of ancient peoples. This discovery not only raises questions about the logistics of transporting such massive stones but also suggests a deeper cultural connection among Neolithic communities.
Transport Mechanisms of the Altar Stone
There is ongoing debate regarding how the Altar Stone reached Stonehenge, particularly whether it was entirely transported by humans or partially moved by glacial activity. While researchers have largely dismissed the idea that glaciers carried the stone from Scotland to England, some speculate that they may have facilitated part of the journey. The implications of this research open discussions about the transportation of other materials, like livestock, by Neolithic societies, prompting questions about their trade networks and interactions. Further investigations may explore the specific quarrying areas within the Orkadian Basin, potentially uncovering more about these ancient movements.
Innovations in Chemical Bond Manipulation
A recent breakthrough in chemistry has led to a new method for manipulating chemical bonds, particularly selenium-selenium bonds, which allows for uneven splitting. This technique involves an initial even cleavage followed by a controlled electron transfer facilitated by light exposure, making it possible to create specific ternary compounds. By utilizing a carefully chosen solvent, researchers were able to stabilize ionic species created during the reaction, thus preventing their premature recombination. This innovative approach not only enhances the possibility of synthesizing new molecules but also paves the way for future explorations in chemical creation strategies, potentially transforming various chemical processes.
Stonehenge’s central stone came from Northern Scotland, more than 600 miles away from the monument, according to a new analysis of its geochemistry. It is commonly accepted that many of the rocks that make up the iconic neolithic monument came from Wales, 150 miles from the site. Previously, it had been thought that a central stone, called the Altar Stone, had also come from this area, known as the Preseli Hills. The new work suggests that the ancient Britons went much further, perhaps ferrying the Altar Stone hundreds of miles, to place the rock at the centre of Stonehenge.
Chemists have demonstrated a way to break Selenium-Selenium bonds unevenly, something they have been trying for decades. Chemical bonds have to be broken and reformed to create new compounds, but they often don’t break in a way that allows chemists to form new bonds in the ways they would like. Breaks are often ‘even’, with electrons shared equally between atoms. To prevent such an even split, a team used a specific solvent and a combination of light and heat to force the selenium bonds to break unevenly. This could potentially open up ways to create compounds that have never been made before.