This podcast episode covers topics such as the rise of the Dutch Republic and the decline of the Dutch and the rise of the British as global powers, exploring their strategies and adaptations. It also delves into the split between Calvinism and Arminianism, the impact of war on Dutch society, and the power struggles within American society.
Britain's declining industrial output and chronic trade deficits contributed to its declining position in the world economy.
The consolidation of banks in Britain helped firms in other countries industrialize and compete with British industry.
The decline of British manufacturing and resistance from domestic elites allowed the United States to surpass Britain as the new global hegemon.
Deep dives
Britain's declining position in the world economy
Britain's industrial output declined significantly in the late 19th century, with total US industrial production surpassing Britain's in 1913. Britain accounted for a third of world industrial output in 1870, but by 1913, it only accounted for a seventh. Chronic trade deficits indicated Britain's declining position.
The rise of American and German industrial power
American and German industrial production surpassed Britain's in the late 19th century, with the US quadrupling British output. Germany emerged as an industrial power, and Britain fell behind in terms of manufacturing output. The consolidation of banks in Britain led to the transfer of capital around the world, helping firms in other countries industrialize and compete with British industry.
The decline of British manufacturing and its impact
British manufacturing output declined significantly, while America and Germany saw rapid growth in their manufacturing sectors. This decline hit less efficient British firms harder than newer, technologically advanced American and German corporations. In 1913, Germany surpassed Britain in industrial production, and the US continued to outpace British output. Britain's industrial decline, chronic trade deficits, and inability to consolidate its manufacturing sectors contributed to its declining position in the world economy.
The failure of British attempts at hegemony
Despite its previous dominance, Britain's inability to maintain its status as a hegemonic power is attributed to its economic decline and resistance from domestic elites. The British ruling elite was resistant to increasing military spending and failed to adjust to the changing global landscape. Bank consolidation and the lack of support for local manufacturing hindered British competitiveness, allowing the US and Germany to surpass British industrial output. These factors contributed to the decline and eventual loss of British hegemony.
The emergence of the United States as a new hegemon
The United States surpassed Britain both economically and industrially in the late 19th century. The consolidation of American industry and its ability to support its own manufacturing sector allowed it to compete on the global stage. The decline of British manufacturing and the lack of adaptability within the British ruling elite led to the rise of the United States as the new global hegemon.
Matt Christman goes off live on http://www.twitch.tv/chapotraphouse
Topics: Part 3 of First Class Passengers on a Sinking Ship book club, the Dutch and English
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