Andromache's heart-wrenching journey unfolds after the Trojan War, marked by profound grief and an unwanted marriage to Neoptolemus. Themes of love, vengeance, and jealousy create a complex backdrop for her tragic fate. Divine intervention plays a pivotal role as Andromache's suffering contrasts sharply with Hermione's struggles. The interplay between Euripides' work and the Iliad deepens the tragedy, showcasing women's suffering and the moral dilemmas stemming from loyalty and justice in a world torn by war.
Andromache's narrative illustrates the profound tragedy and suffering experienced by women in the aftermath of war, emphasizing themes of loss and slavery.
The play explores the destructive nature of jealousy through Hermione's vicious actions against Andromache, reflecting broader societal injustices linked to female rivalry.
Deep dives
The Tragic Life of Andromache
Andromache's story is one marked by immense tragedy and loss, beginning with the devastating toll the Trojan War took on her family. She witnesses the deaths of her father, seven brothers, and her husband Hector, all at the hands of Achilles, who ultimately forces her to marry his son, Neoptolemus. This forced marriage is laden with irony, as she is wrenched from her previous life and left to navigate a landscape dominated by the very people who destroyed her world. The play highlights the profound suffering of those left in the aftermath of war, particularly the experiences of women transported into slavery.
Setting and Character Dynamics
The play takes place in Thessaly and features Andromache as the first speaker, which sets the tone for the unfolding tragedy. As a suppliant at the altar of Thetis, she seeks protection from Hermione, Neoptolemus' wife who harbors jealousy and a desire for vengeance against Andromache. The chorus, consisting of women from Pythia, serves to provide a communal perspective on the events, contrasting the male-dominated power dynamics at play. This structure emphasizes the isolation of Andromache, trapped in a web of hostility with both Neoptolemus absent and Hermione against her.
Themes of Jealousy and Injustice
A central theme in the play is the jealousy of Hermione, who accuses Andromache of using witchcraft to ensure her own barrenness, thus intensifying the conflict between the two women. Hermione's desire to eliminate Andromache and her son from Neoptolemus underscores a larger commentary on the cruelty born out of jealousy, particularly in the context of women’s suffering. Menelaus' intervention to support his daughter's desires further complicates the notions of justice and protection, as he manipulates the situation for his own benefit rather than addressing the deeper moral consequences. The differing fates of these women spotlight the larger societal injustices that follow the calamities of war.
The Influence of the Iliad
The tragedy weaves direct references to the Iliad into its fabric, illustrating how the past shapes the characters' present lives and their psyche. Andromache's lamentations echo the themes from the Iliad, particularly concerning the suffering wrought by the choices of the previous generation, emphasizing that no mortal should be deemed happy until their fate is sealed. The interplay of characters from the Iliad brings richness to the tragedy, showcasing Euripides’ skill in exploring the ramifications of heroic ideals in a world marked by loss and sorrow. Through these connections, the audience gains insight into the fragmented consequences of heroism and the enduring cost of war.
If you were to rank the individual suffering of those in Greek Literature, Andromache would easily rise to the top of that list. She lost her father, 7 brothers, and husband Hector to one man, Achilles. Her son was thrown from the walls of Troy. To top off the suffering cake, she was then forced to marry the son of her husband’s murderer, Neoptolemus.
This tragedy begins with Andromache grasping the alter of Thetis in Thessaly, begging for her life. Her and Neoptolemus have had a son, which has made Neoptolemus’ Spartan wife, Hermione quite jealous. To top it off, Hermione, the daughter of Helen of Troy, is barren and is seeking to kill Andromache and her son.
The Iliad permeates this tragedy in both storyline and direct quotes and references. There are some beautiful themes of justice and monogamy and other not so beautiful themes of jealousy, strife, and injustice.
This is an incredible look into the horror of the life of a woman on the losing side of a war, forced to live with the victors as a slave. I love the painting above. Everyone is dressed in color except Andromache, veiled in black, lost in her personal tragedy. This is “peacetime,” and yet there is no peace for Andromache.
In this episode, I walk through the tragedy play highlighting the story, themes, and beautiful dialogue. I also refer to two other tragedy plays by Euripides: